31/07/2023, Yanditswe na Amiel Nkuliza
Aimable Karasira Uzaramba mu bihe bye bya nyuma! Ko atabaza dukore iki? Uyu musore, mbere y’uko atabwa muri yombi, yari umwarimu w’ikoranabuhanga (informatique) muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda. Amaze imyaka irenga ibiri afungiwe muri gereza nkuru ya Mageragere. Uko yitabye urukiko, akora urugendo rurerure, kuko aburanishirizwa i Nyanza mu rukiko ruhana ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka.
Karasira Aimable akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gupfobya no gutesha agaciro jenoside. Ni icyaha nyir’ubwite ndetse n’abamwunganira babona mo akarengane gakabije, kuko ngo ntibyumvikana ubuyo Karasira aregwa icyo cyaha kandi na we ubwe yaragikorewe, ndetse kikamuhungabanya bikomeye.
Mu iburana rye, Aimable Karasira asa n’uwihana urukiko, ahubwo akemeza ko icyaha cya nyacyo aregwa ari uko yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko ababyeyi be bishwe n’abasirikari b’inkotanyi, ubwo bamishwagaho urufaya rw’amasasu ahitwa i Rilima, mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda. Mu magambo ye, uregwa yivugira ko nyina yishwe kubera ko ngo aho yakoraga muri MSF (Médecins sans frontières), yaba yarabwiye abakoresha be ko abantu baguye muri ako karere, nyuma gato y’uko Jenoside ihagaze, batsembatsembwe n’ingabo za FPR-inkotanyi, uyu munsi zitwa ingabo z’igihugu.
Muri uru rubanza, rwongeye gusubukurwa ku wa 27 nyakanga 2023, uregwa akaba yaratangarije umucamanza ko ataje kuburana, ko ahubwo yaje kuraga. Yanongeyeho ko, aho gukomeza kumwica urubozo, bamukuraho burundu (euthanasie), nk’uko ubu buryo bwo kwihutisha abantu bwemewe no mu bindi bihugu, nko mu Buholandi, Ubusuwisi n’ahandi. Impamvu nyamukuru y’aya magambo ya Aimable Karasira ni uko afungiwe mu ndake yo muri gereza ya Mageragere, aho muri uwo mwobo adafite uburenganzira bwo kota izuba nka bagenzi be, kujya mu misa, no kwitabira ibikorwa bitandukanye by’imyidagaduro bifasha abafunzwe kutiheba no kubasha gutwaza mu buzima bugoranye babayemo.
Iryo fungwa ryo mu kato (isolement), Karasira Aimable akaba yemeza ko ryatewe n’itegeko ryaturutse mu buyobozi bwo mu bushorishori bw’igihugu, ibi bikaba binemezwa n’uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa gereza ya Mageragere, Général Marizamunda, wibwiriye uyu mufungwa ko kuba afungiwe mu ndaki, ari itegeko yahawe. Uyu musirikari wahoze mu ngabo zatsinzwe, ubu ni minisitiri w’ingabo z’u Rwanda. Karasira kandi akomeza yemeza ko impamvu zituma afungiwe mu mwobo ari uko perezida Kagame, ubwo yari i Nyakinama muri gicurasi 2021, yamushyize mu majwi, avuga ko hari abigira abasazi, kandi ari bazima. Nyuma y’iryo jambo ry’umukuru w’igihugu, ni bwo Karasira yahise afatwa, yoherezwa mu mwobo wa gereza nkuru ya Mageragere. Na n’ubu. Itabwa muri yombi rye, twari twararihanuye mbere y’igihe, tubishyira mu nyandiko yacu ifite umutwe ugira uti: Ibihe bya nyuma bya Aimable Karasira: Ifuni cyangwa Mageragere!
Muri iyi nyandiko ’’Ibihe bya nyuma bya Aimable Karasira: Ifuni cyangwa Mageragere’’ mushobora kwisomera (kanda ho uyifungure uyisome niba utarayisomye cg warayibagiwe), twerekanaga ko Aimable Karasira atigeze yakira na rimwe ibyo ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi bwamukoreye bumwicira umuryango kandi ko byamugize ho ingaruka zikomeye zo gutera icyizere igihugu cy’Urwanda ruyobowe na FPR-Inkotanyi; twerekanaga ko Inkotanyi zimugeze ku buce, no kumubika mu gihome i Mageragere cyangwa kumuhitana nk’uko zabigenje kuri Rwigara, Gasakure, Rwisereka, Kizito, n’abandi b’igihe kitazwi.
Kuki uburenganzira bwa Aimable Karasira butubahirizwa?
Ku nshuro irenze imwe, ubwo ku wa 27 nyakanga 2023 yitabaga urukiko, urubanza rwa Aimable Karasira rwongeye kwibanda ku isabwa (procédure) ryo kuvuzwa uburwayi bwe bw’indwara zo mu mutwe. Abamwunganira : Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Evode Kayitana, basabye urukiko kubahiriza raporo yakozwe n’abaganga bakurikiranye Aimable Karasira, ari bo Dr Chantal Murekatete na Dr. Arthur Muremangingo, umukiliya wabo akajyanwa kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe, aho gufungwa kuko ngo nta murwayi w’izo ndwara ufungwa, ahubwo aravurwa.
Imwe mu mirongo ya Dr Chantal Murekatete, wasuzumye Aimable Karasira muri 2021, mu rurimi rw’igifaransa, iteye itya: «Troubles anxieux et dépressif sévère. Il peut (Karasira) agir irrationnellement sans toutefois perdre les capacités de discernement.» Uwagenekereza mu kinyarwanda, yavuga ko Karasira afite ihungabana riterwa n’ubwoba bukabije, ko ashobora gukora ibyo umuntu muzima atakora, ariko na none bikaba bitamubuza kuba yagira ubwenge bwo gushishoza bw’umuntu muzima. Iyi nteruro ya muganga Chantal Murekatete jye nkaba narayibonye mo ukwivuguruza, kuko niba Karasira ashobora gukora ibyo umuntu muzima atakora, na none ati ntibyamubuza kugira ubwenge bwo gushishoza bw’umuntu muzima, aha ntawabura gukeka ko uyu muganga yakoze iyi raporo hari abamuhagaze hejuru.
Ku ruhande rw’abunganira Aimable Karasira, bo ikibashishikaje si uko iyi raporo irimo ukwivuguruza, ahubwo ni uko yemeza ko Karasira arwaye, bityo bagasaba urukiko ko rwubahiriza ibiyikubiye mo, umukiriya wabo akajyanwa kwa muganga aho gufungwa. Me Evode Kayitana atanga n’urundi rugero rukoreshwa mu gihugu cy’Ubwongereza, aho inkiko zaho zisaba abashinjacyaha kwitondera gukurikirana abarwayi b’indwara zo mu mutwe, ko mbere y’uko bakurikiranwa habaho isuzumwa rikorwa na muganga, mu gihe kingana n’icyumweru, ibivuye muri iryo suzuma (résultat médical) bikabanza gushyikirizwa umucamanza, mbere y’uko uyu afata icyemezo cyo kuburanisha bene abo bantu. Inyito y’aya mabwiriza akoreshwa mu Bwongereza, Me Kayitana yayasomye muri aya magambo y’icyongereza : «Mental health conditions and disorders draft prosecution guidance». Uwagerageza gushyira iyi nteruro mu kinyarwanda, ni nk’uburyo bwo gusaba abashinjacyaha kwigengesera mu gukurikirana ibyaha biregwa abarwayi b’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Me Gatera Gashabana we anagera kure, aho yifashisha itegeko ryiswe «Regulation Mandela», akamanuka imirongo yaryo muri aya magambo y’igifaransa : « Chaque établissement pénitentiaire doit disposer au moins les services d’un médecin qualifié qui devrait avoir des connaissances en psychiatrie. Pour les malades qui ont besoin des soins spéciaux, il faut prévoir le transfert vers des établissements pénitentiaires spécialisés ou vers des hôpitaux civils, permettant de donner les soins et les traitements convenables aux détenus malades et le personnel doit avoir une formation professionnelle suffisante. »
Reka na none ngenekereze mu kinyarwanda : « Buri gereza igomba kuba ifite umuganga w’inzobere, ufite n’ubumenyi buhagije mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe. Ku barwayi bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye, ni ngombwa ko aba bimurirwa mu magereza yabigenewe cyangwa mu bitaro byigenga, bishobora gutanga ubufasha bwa nyabwo ku bafungwa barwaye, kandi abakozi bashinzwe abo barwayi bakaba na bo bagomba kuba barahawe amahugurwa ahagije, ajyanye n’umwuga wabo. »
Me Gatera Gashabana avuga ko iyi «regulation Mandela» yemejwe n’amategeko mpuzamahanga, mu ngingo yayo ya 95 y’amategeko asanzwe, yasinyiwe i Genève mu mwaka wa 1995. Asoza asaba urukiko ko umukiriya we yajyanwa kuvurwa aho gufungwa, hakurikijwe ayo mategeko mpuzamahanga n’u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono.
Mu gihe Karasira we yatangarije abacamanza ko atifuza ko, niba yemerewe kujyanwa mu bitaro, atasuzumwa n’umuganga w’umunyarwanda, kubera ko ngo hari ibyo yatinya kwandika muri raporo ye, umushinjacyaha we ntabona impamvu Karasira yifuza umuganga w’umunyamahanga, wa MSF n’ahandi, ngo kubera ko i Ndera na ho hari abaganga b’inzobere mu gupima no kuvura izo ndwara.
Impamvu zo kuba adashaka gusuzumwa n’umuganga w’i Ndera ni uko uwitwa Dr Charles Mudenge, wari usanzwe amuvura, ngo yahindukiye akajya no kumushinja muri RIB, bityo Karasira akaba ngo yaratakaje icyizere cy’abaganga b’abanyarwanda, cyane cyane ko ngo banivuguruza muri raporo zabo. Abunganira Karasira bakaba na bo babyemeza, bashingiye kuri raporo yakozwe na Dr Chantal Murekatete, yavuzwe hejuru. Aimable Karasira na we yemeza ibyo ashikamye, akanatsindagira ko nta muganga w’i Ndera ushobora kwandika neza imiterere y’indwara ye, kuko ngo muri abo baganga bose, nta n’umwe ufite ubwisanzure.
Urubanza rwa Karasira rushingiye ku mpamvu za politiki
Aimable Karasira ni umucikacumu wahuye n’ibibazo bamwe mu bandi bacikacumu bahuye na byo, ariko bo batinya kubishyira ahagaragara. Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa kamena 1994, ubwo ingabo z’inkotanyi zafataga igihugu ku ruhembe rw’umuheto, aho guhumuriza abahutu n’abatutsi zari zigisanze mo, bamwe muri bo zabamishije mo amasasu. Benshi mu batutsi baguye muri ubwo bwicanyi, ariko imiryango yabo itinya kuvuga ko bishwe n’inkotanyi, ko ahubwo bishwe n’interahamwe, zitari zikiri mu gihugu. Umuryango wa Aimable Karasira, wari muri abo batutsi, na wo wishwe n’izo ngabo, mu gihe wakekaga ko ahubwo zije kuwurokora.
Ibirego Aimable Karasira aregwa uyu munsi ndetse akaba anabifungiwe, bishingiye k’ugutinyuka kwe, aho yatangaje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye ko umuryango we wishwe n’izo nkotanyi, aya magambo ubutegetsi bw’uyu munsi bukaba budashaka kuyumva. Politiki y’ikinyoma cy’ubutegetsi bw’uyu munsi ni ukwigisha no guhuma amaso ababonye ukuri ku byabaye muri ariya mezi yo muri 1994 kugeza n’uyu munsi, aho abicanyi b’ubutegetsi badahwema kugarika ingogo, zaba iz’abahutu cyangwa iz’abatutsi. Ingero ntizibuze kuko na Kizito Mihigo, Assinapol Rwigara, Niyomugabo, Rwabukamba, André Kagwa Rwisereka, Bahati w’umusizi n’abandi, bose bari abatutsi.
Kuba rero Aimable Karasira «yarateye ibuye ku karere», agatinyuka gushinja ubwicanyi abiyise abadacumura, amaso yereka buri wese ko afungiwe impamvu za politiki, impamvu zo gutinyuka kuvuga ibyo abandi benshi batinya kuvuga. Ni naho ashingira avuga ko nta muganga w’umunyarwanda watinyuka kwandika muri raporo ye ibyo yabonye mu isuzuma ryamukorewe. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko yaba umuganga, yaba undi wese wakwihandagaza, agatangaza ibitemewe kuvugwa no kumvwa, abahotozi b’ubutegetsi bahita bamukubita agafuni.
Ihungabana ryemejwe n’abaganga basuzumye Aimable Karasira, rikaba rikinashingirwaho mu rubanza rwe, ryatangiye kuva akiga ikoranabuhanga muri kaminuza y’i Butare, aho abambari b’ubutegetsi bwa FPR bamutezaga bagenzi be b’abanyeshuri, bakajya bamwita umuhungu wa Froduald Karamira, uyu akaba yararasiwe kuri « tapis rouge » i Nyamirambo, muri 1998, nyuma y’uko ubutabera bwa FPR-Inkotanyi bumuhamije icyaha cya Jenoside. Aimable Karasira anivugira ko, mu gihe bagenzi be b’abacikacumu bafashwaga n’imiryango yabashyiriweho nka Ibuka, FARG, n’iyindi, we iyo miryango ntacyo yigeze imugenera, kubera ko yari yaratangiye kurebwa n’ubutegetsi ikijisho. Ntawabura no kwemeza cyangwa gukeka ko ihungabana rye ryiyongereye ubwo, mu myaka ibiri ishize, yirukanwaga muri kaminuza nta mpamvu igaragara, uretse icyaha kimwe rukumbi cyavuzwe hejuru, cyo gutangaza ko inkotanyi ari zo zishe umuryango we, aho kuwuhumuriza nyuma yo kurokoka ubwicanyi bw’interahamwe.
Impungenge zihari uyu munsi, hakurikijwe ibigaragara mu rubanza rwe, ni uko Aimable Karasira ashobora kwicirwa muri gereza nk’uko byagendekeye mugenzi we Jay Polly, cyangwa na we akipfisha kubera uburyo afunze mo. Gupfira muri uwo mwobo afungiwe mo birashoboka kuko n’ubundi asanzwe afite indwara ikomeye yamuhuta, akaba atanemerewe kubona imiti yayo.
Bimwe niboneye, ubwo na njye zari zaramboheye mu magereza yazo, ni uko iyo umuntu afunzwe afite indwara iri mu zidakira, kugira ngo amare kabiri adapfuye biba bigoye. Aimable Karasira arwaye indwara y’igisukari (diabète) yarengeje igipimo, ntabona imiti kuko yivugira ko « ordonnances » (impapuro z’imiti zandikwa na muganga) zifungiwe mu biro by’iperereza, akaba wenda ari yo mpamvu ku wa 27 nyakanga 2023 yabwiye umucamanza ko ataje kuburana, ko ahubwo yaje kuraga, ko ikiruta byose ari uko bamwica (euthanasie), aho kwicwa urwo apfuye mu ndake yo muri gereza ya Mageragere.
Iyi nyandiko irasaba buri wese, ufite icyo yafasha Aimable Karasira, kugira icyo yakora, kugira ngo atagwa muri uriya mwobo wo muri Mageragere. Gufasha Karasira si ukohereza amafaranga muri butiki iri kuri gereza ya Mageragere gusa, ahubwo gufata igihe cyawe, ukandika nk’ibi ndimo kwandika, na byo biri mu bufasha Aimable Karasira akeneye muri iyi minsi ye ya nyuma y’ubuzima. Mvuze iminsi ye ya nyuma, kuko niwitegereza neza ishusho ya Karasira, ukayigereranya n’uko yasaga mbere y’uko afunzwe, uribonera neza ko hari itandukanyirizo rinini. Isura ya Aimable Karasira ntiyahindutse kubera ko afungiye mu mwobo, ahubwo yahinduwe n’uko yimwe uburenganzira bwe bw’imfungwa irwaye, ariko itemerewe kuvurwa no gufata imiti yabigenewe y’indwara arwaye y’igisukari (diabète).
Ababishoboye banamutabariza hirya no hino mu miryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa-Muntu (organisations internationales des droits de l’homme) n’iyirwanya iyicarubozo (organisations internationales de lutte contre la torture). Uwabishobora kandi ntibyamubuza no kumuvuganira we n’izindi mfungwa zifungiye ubusa. Uwabishobora yakomanga ku nzugi za Leta z’ibihugu by’ibihangange, bifite ububasha bwo kotsa igitutu ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi. Ntagushidikanya ko ibi bihugu bibigizemo ubushake byashobora gusaba FPR-Inkotanyi gusubiza agatima impembero ikadohorera abo ifungiwe ubusa, nk’uko igihugu cya Amerika giherutse kubikorera Paul Rusesabagina.
