06/05/2020, Yanditswe na Niyizigihe I.
Umwaka ushize w’2019, ubwo twibukaga ku nshuro ya 25 amahano ndengakamere yabaye mu gihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda muri 1994 – amahano yahawe inyito zitandukanye hakurikijwe inyungu za politiki: «itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba, Génocide rwandais», «Irimbura cyangwa itsemba-batutsi, Génocide tutsi» n’izindi nyito zishobora kuzavuka nyuma nk’«Irimbura cyangwa itsemba-bahutu, Génocide hutu» ubu ritangiye kuvugwa – ikinyamakuru Umunyamakuru cyatanginje «inyandiko n’ibiganiro-ntangabuhamya, série d’émissions et d’articles de témoignage» kuri ayo mahano: uko abantu bayabaye mo n’uko bayarokotse, uko babonye cyangwa bamenye abayakoze n’uko babonye cyangwa bamenya abo yahitanye. Izi ni zimwe muri izo nyandiko n’ibiganiro-ntangabuhamya:
– Ubwicanyi bwa FPR i Gitarama: Col. BEM Ndengeyinka azi iki? Yabazwa iki?
–Col. BEM Ndengeyinka Balthazar n’Ukuri k’Ukuri: Akari i Murore k’ubwicanyi bwa FPR muri Gitarama!
–Col. BEM Ndengeyinka Balthazar akomeje kutubwira akari i Murore…
–Col. BEM Ndengeyinka Balthazar arasubiza abamubajije ku ubwicanyi bw’i Gitarama!
–Ubuhamya bw’Ukuri k’Ukuri: ”Kibeho inyibutsa byinshi…”!
Izi nyandiko n’ibiganiro-ntangabuhamya twabitangije mu rwego gutanga umuganda mu kubaka ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda, mu gukusanya ibimenyetso simuziga byo kwandika amateka mashya y’igihugu adafifitse kandi adafite aho abogamiye (reconstitution des faits historiques, faits historiques non manipulés ni tronqués) no gufasha abantu n’igihugu muri rusange mu nzira yo kwibuka nyakuri. Ibi twabyise impuruza yo kurema «itima-ngiro-nyarwanda ryo kwibuka nyakuri, conscience collective rwandaise de mémoire».
Ni muri urwo rwego ku itariki ya 15 Mata, uyu mwaka w’2020, twabagejeje ho inyandiko ifite umutwe ugira uti: “«Kwitaba inama» no kwitaba Imana”: ubwicanyi bwa FPR i Nyaruteja (igice cya 1). Niba waracikanwe fungura aha hakurikira usome ibikubiye mo: http://umunyamakuru.com/kwitaba-inama-no-kwitaba-imana-ubwicanyi-bwa-fpr-i-nyaruteja-igice-cya-1/
Nk’uko twari twarabibararikiye, muri iki gice cya kabiri, umutangabuhamya w’amateka ya Nyaruteja aragaruka ku buryo busesuye ku mbibi n’inzitizi mu rugendo rwo kwiyubaka nyakuri n’ubwiyunge busesuye i Nyaruteja. Uburenganzira bwo kwibuka n’inzira n’ubwiyunge bihagaze bite i Nyaruteja no mu Rwanda, muri rusange. Inkuru irambuye.
Uburenganzira bwo kwibuka, inzira y’ubwiyunge
Kuvuga ku bwicanyi bwakozwe n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR (Front patriotique rwandais) n’ingabo zayo za APR (Armée patriotique rwandaise) ntibigamije guhakana cyangwa gupfobya jenoside yabaye, yemejwe n’amahanga. Ahubwo bigamije gufasha gutera indi ntambwe mu kuri kugeza ubu kwakumiriwe, kugira ngo ntigukomeze gupfukiranwa nkana, maze abo ubwicanyi bundi butiswe jenoside[1] bwahitanye na bo, kimwe n’imiryango yabo bwagizeho ingaruka, bagahabwa, bahabwe ubutabera buboneye, kuko ari byo nzira yonyine yo kumva no kwakira neza amateka yacu, kabone n’ubwo yaba ari mabi, no gusenyera umugozi umwe twubaka igihugu cyacu.
Muri ako gace ka Nyaruteja na ho iyo jenoside ntiyaharetse. Yarahibasiye kimwe n’ahandi maze abatutsi batagira ingano bahaburira ubuzima, bigeza n’aho imiryango imwe n’imwe izima burundu. Ubwo bwicanyi bwibasiye abatutsi mu ikubitiro bwabaye guhera ku italiki ya 18 Mata 1994, burangajwe imbere n’uwitwa Nkundabakura Bonaventure, bakundaga kwita Nkabyankwese, wayoboraga ishyaka rya MDR muri ako gace, waje no kwemera ibyaha mu rukiko rwa mbere rw’iremezo rwa Huye, mu mwaka wa 2008, anabitangamo amakuru ahagije. Imbaraga yari afite icyo gihe zaje no gutuma yigarurira ubuyobozi bwose bwa Komini amaze gufungira mu rugo uwari Burugumesitiri icyo gihe, Karekezi Symphorien, no kwicisha abo mu muryango w’umugore we. Abatutsi biciwe mu kigo cy’amashuri ya CERAI no ku biro bya Komini, aho bari barakoranyirijwe. Bahageze baturutse mu bice bya Nyaruguru ya Gikongoro, muri Komini Nyakizu, no mu gace ka Kigembe muri Mujahu, Kivuru na Nyanza.
Ubwicanyi burenze urugero bwakozwe n’ubutegetsi bwatsinzwe muri 1994 ntibugomba kwibagiza na rimwe ubwakozwe n’ubwabusimbuye buriho ubu, kuko bumwe bwabaye ku manywa y’ihangu ndetse bunashyirwa mu nyandiko no mu majwi abwamagana n’ubwo nta cyo burakorwaho kugeza magingo aya[2].
Uguharanira ukuri n’ubutabera kuri bose, ukwifuza guca umuco wo kudahana, ukwimakaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge no kubaka igihugu cyubaha uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, nibyo ntego y’iyi nyandiko.
Hari bike byakozwe muri iyi myaka makumyabiri n’itandatu tumaze tuyoborwa n’ingoma ya FPR. Ariko abanyarwanda baracyafite inyota y’ukuri n’ubutabera, imbabazi no kwiyunga nyakuri kuko bitaragerwaho, ndetse rimwe na rimwe hagaragara n’ibimenyetso byerekana ubushake bwo kutayigeraho vuba, ku mpamvu zizwi gusa n’abafite ubutegetsi. Iyo turebye neza uko imyaka ihita indi igataha, dusanga hariho ubushake buke bwo kunga abanyarwanda, kugira ngo bareke kubaho bishishanya, bishimire gusabana amazi, umuriro n’abageni nk’uko byahoze mu Rwanda. Politiki iyobora igihugu, isa n’iyo kubyinisha muzunga imitekerereze y’abanyarwanda, ikanashishikazwa no kubaka ibintu mu mwanya wo kubaka abantu n’ubumuntu, aka wa mugani w’umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo abishimangira mu ndirimbo ze ebyiri zitanga impuruza kuri politiki y’ubwiyunge nyakuri: Hataka nyirubukozwemo n’Igisobanuro cy’urupfu[3].
Abagerageza kureba kure, bibonera neza ko ibijya gucika bica amarenga, ko igihugu kirushako kugenda gihanama nk’icyubatse ku manga cyangwa cyika nk’icyubakiye ku musenyi, maze ab’inkwakuzi bakavanamo akabo karenge cyangwa se abifite bagahungishiriza imiryango yabo n’abana babo mu mahanga ya kure. Igihugu kandi kimaze kugwiza intyoza mu kuvuga neza mu magambo gusa ibitangaza bikorwa na gahunda z’ubuyobozi bwiza, nyamara ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’abanyarwanda bukerekana indi sura itari nziza na gato. Imibereho ya rubanda rusanzwe – abanyarwanda mu bwoko bwabo bwose, abahutu, abatwa n’abatutsi – isa n’idashishikaje ubuyobozi, amadini muri rusange n’indi miryango ishamikiye cyangwa idashamikiye kuri. Ubusanzwe ubutegetsi n’amadini yose, muri rusange, bifite inshingano z’ibanze zo gushyigikira no guteza mbere Ubumuntu, Ubuntu n’Ubupfura, aho kwimakaza ibintu.
Iyi nyandiko si iyo kurondora ibibazo byose biriho, cyane cyane ibigaragarira bose, ahubwo ni iyo guharanira uburenganzira bwo kwibuka kuri buri munyarwanda kandi bikagirwamo uruhare rugaragara na Leta, ku buryo buri wese azirikana abe bapfuye urwagashinyaguro nta rwikekwe, cyangwa se ngo aveho ashinjwa ibyaha atigeze anatekereza, hifashishijwe itegeko rigenga imitekerereze ry’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside[4]. Ni iyo gukebura no gutungira agatoki ubutegetsi n’amadini, yose muri rusange, igikwiye kandi gitunganye mu kugarurira rubanda amizero yo kubaho no kubana neza mu bwumvikane n’amahoro: kwimikaza mbere ya byose Ubumuntu, Ubuntu n’Ubupfura, byo nkingi mwikorezi y’ubwiyunge n’ubutabera nyakuri. Iyo ni yo nzira yonyine y’ukuri n’ubutabera; ni yo nkingi y’imbabazi n’ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda mu gihugu hose no mu moko yabo yose. Komora ibikomere mu mitima y’abanyarwanda bose, kwiyunga n’amateka, no ku kubaka ejo hazaza heza, kandi habereye bose, bishingiye ku kwimakaza mbere na mbere izo ndangagaciro-gakondo z’Ubumuntu, Ubuntu n’Ubupfura.
Kwibuka n’abahutu bishwe si uguhakana jenoside
Imyaka imaze kuba myinshi hari abanyarwanda, bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, bambuwe uburenganzira bwo kwibuka ababo bapfuye bishwe mu bwicanyi ndengakamere bwabatsembeye imiryango, bubagira incike, imfubyi n’abapfakazi, abenshi muri abo bishwe na FPR n’ingabo zayo mu gihe yarwaniraga ubutegetsi na nyuma imaze kubufata muri 1994. Agahinda ko kuba warabuze uwawe, yishwe urw’agashinyaguro, gahora karemereye umutima n’imitekerereze by’uwagakorewe. By’umwihariko, kubaho nta burenganzira na buke ufite bwo kubibuka, bwo kubaririra, n’ubwo kugaya ababambuye ubuzima, nk’uko bimereye ubungubu abahutu bose aho bava bakagera, birushaho gushavuza.
Ni ubugome bukomeye ku bishwe, kuko bambuwe agaciro nk’abantu mu rupfu rwabo rw’agashinyaguro, akenshi imirambo yabo ikanarigiswa, ku buryo kugeza n’ubu nta n’uwakwibaza aho yaba iherereye ngo bimugwe amahoro.
Ni ubugome bukomeye kandi ku biciwe, mu gihe bambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuririra ababo, kubunamira no kubibuka. Byongeye kandi ni n’inzitizi ikomeye ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge kuko bidashoboka kwiyunga mu gihe hari abagikorerwa akarengane ko kubuzwa kugaragaza akababaro kabo.
Ikibazo cya jenoside n’ubwicanyi ndengakamere byahitanye imbaga mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo, cyabaye ugutsindwa gukomeye k’umuryango nyarwanda, kuva icyo gihe kugeza n’ubu, kuko nta ntambwe y’ukwiyunga by’ukuri yari yaterwa! Kuzahura uwo muryango birasaba kubaka inkingi zihamye z’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, zishingiye ku komora ibikomere mu mitima y’abanyarwanda bose, ku kwiyunga n’amateka, no ku kubaka ejo hazaza habereye bose.
Inzitizi mu rugendo rwo kwiyubaka n’ubwiyunge
Ubwiyunge bw’ukuri ntibushobora kugerwaho hatariho ukwiyubaka mu bumuntu, bituruka mu gukira ibikomere, no kugira uburenganzira bungana imbere y’amategeko no mu gusangira nta guhezwa ku byiza by’igihugu.
Wagera ku bwiyunge bw’ukuri gute mu gihe nta bushake na buke bwo komora imitima yashavuye bose, utitaye ku moko yabo cyangwa ku nkomoko? Wakwiyunga ute mu gihe abanyarwanda baciwemo ibice bibiri, mu rwego rwo kwimakaza irondakoko ryihishe mu bugome n’uburyarya? Wakwiyunga ute, mu gihe abanyarwanda muri rusange bambuwe uburenganzira kuri iryo zina, bagahatirwa kuriririmba gusa bya nyirarureshwa muri “Ndi Umunyarwanda”, kubera ko ya moko atatu yabarangaga yasimbujwe andi y’amagenurano: hari abeza n’ababi; abarokotse n’abicanyi, ibigarasha n’ibipinga, abajenosideri cyangwa abahembera ingengabitekerezo yayo; abarengerwa muri byose n’abatotezwa bahozwa ku nkeke bazira ibyaha byabo cyangwa ibyo mu gisekuru cyabo, bitwa amazina abatesha agaciro, rimwe na rimwe ashingiye ku byaha byakozwe n’abandi. Amazina aha uburenganzira bamwe akabwambura abandi muri iki gihe ntagira uko angana!
Mu by’ukuri hari abafite uburenganzira ku byiza byose by’igihugu n’abadafite na buke, bariho gusa ku bw’impuhwe bagirirwa cyangwa ku bw’Imana, nk’uko kubaho k’umushwi w’inkoko atari ukubera impuhwe z’agaca. Kwitwa Umututsi cyangwa Umuhutu byasimbujwe n’izo nyito zose, maze n’Abatwa kugira ngo batavaho basigarana ubunyarwanda bonyine, kuko bo bahejwe muri byose mu ngoma zose zasimburanye, bashakiwe irigenurano ryabo, bitwa Abahejejwe inyuma n’amateka, kandi nta n’ikibakorerwa kugira ngo amateka mashya abateze imbere!
Wakwiyunga gute mu gihe hari abashinjwa ibikorwa by’ivangura n’ubuhezanguni, kuri bo ubwabo no ku babakomokaho, mu gihe abandi ahubwo bahabwa rugari mu kuryigisha, kurikwirakwiza, haba mu miryango yabo, mu mashyirahamwe yabo ndetse no mu nzego z’ubuyobozi?
Wakwiyunga gute mu gihe nta we ufite uburenganzira bwo kuvuga ukuri abona cyangwa atekereza, ahubwo agategekwa gusubiramo buhumyi iby’ubutegetsi bumutegeka cyangwa bwamuteguriye, mu rwego rwo kwimakaza igitugu ubuziraherezo no guhisha amabi yose yakozwe, ndetse akomeza gukorwa, kimwe no guhishira abicanyi badahwema kugororerwa?
Wakwiyunga gute, mu gihe hari abadafite ijambo mu gihugu cyabo, bakarihabwa gusa mu gihe basingiza ingoma ibahatse. Wakwiyunga gute mu gihe hari abamburwa ubuzima ku maherere, baraswa ku manywa y’ihangu, ntibigire inkurikizi, kubera gusa ko ari abahutu cyangwa abandi bagerageje kubarengera?
Ingaruka kuri aya mabi yose ntizigira ingano kandi ni kirimbuzi muri gahunda yo gusana imitima, kubaka ubworoherane mu benegihugu, hamwe no kubaka inkingi zishamikiraho iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu hari ibyinshi bisabwa guhinduka.
Ukwiyunga n’amateka
Igihugu cyacu cyaranzwe n’amateka ya gatebe gatoki, amwe ya “have nanjye mpajye”. Ni amateka yubakiye ku ivangura no kwikanyiza kw’agatsiko runaka, kikubira ibyiza byose by’igihugu, kakabihezamo abandi, gahereye ku bantu ku giti cyabo, ku miryango, ku moko cyangwa ku turere bakomokamo, bakabima uburenganzira bw’ibanze, maze kugira ngo bamwe babeho bagahinduka abaja cyangwa ba mpemuke ndamuke!
Ubwiyunge bukenewe n’ubwunga abanyarwanda hagati yabo, bukanabunga n’amateka yaranze igihugu cyabo n’ubutegetsi bwacyo. Abahutu bahemukiye abatutsi n’abatutsi bahemukira abahutu! Bombi bahemukiranye hagati yabo, kandi banafatanya guhemukira abatwa mu buryo budasubirwaho, bahabwa akato barananenwa, kandi no mu bihe by’imidugararo babiguyemo ku maherere cyangwa se bakagirwa ibikoresho.
Igihe kirageze ngo twoye gukomeza kwigishwa amateka twicuriye, ashingiye ku kwishyira heza kw’ingoma iriho, igahindura ruvumwa izayibanjirije zifatwa nk’aho nta cyiza na kimwe zakoze, ahubwo ko zaranzwe n’ibibi gusa. Iyo mitekerereze n’iyo migenzereze nta cyiza imarira igihugu n’abagituye, kuko nyirabyo ahora yihishe gusa inyuma y’ibibi byahise, adakuramo isomo, ahubwo agakuramo ubukana yubakiraho ubutegetsi bwe ubuziraherezo, bukaba n’uburyo burangaza abayoborwa kugira ngo batabona ibibi bakorerwa ubu. Ukwiyunga n’amateka, ukwirinda ubwironde cyangwa se ivangura n’ingengabitekerezo zaryo, ntibisabwa abagetsi gusa, biranasabwa n’ababuharanira mu buryo bwose, baba abanyura mu nzira y’amahoro n’ibiganiro cyangwa se abahitamo imidugararo n’intambara.
Ni igihe cyiza cyo kujora amateka yacu, kuva ku ngoma ya cyami, iy’ubukolonize n’iya Repubulika, tugashima ibyiza byayaranze, tukanagaya twivuye inyuma ibibi byayabayemo, byahekuye abanyarwanda bikabatsembera imiryango, kandi ku ngoma zose.
Harakwiye ugusasa inzobe, hakavugwa impamvu zose zituma amateka yacu ahoramo induru, amaganya n’agahinda, ubwikunde, ubwironde n’ubwikanyize, itotezwa, ubwicanyi, iyicwarubozo n’ubuhunzi. Irondakoko, irondakarere n’ikimenyane twiyemeze kubitsinda ubuziraherezo. N’ubwo dukunze kuvuga abahutu n’abatutsi, ntitugomba kwibagirwa ko n’abatwa bahawe akato, bakanenwa, bakabuzwa uburenganzira bw’ibanze, bikabatera guhera mu bukene bukabije. Ni igihe cyiza cyo kubasubiza ubunyarwanda bushyitse, twiyemeza kubasubiza ibyabo twabanyaze mu gihe twimakaje umuco wo kubanena, tunabapfobya tukageza ubwo tubagereranya n’udusimba tutagira ubwenge.
Ntitwavuga ivangura ngo twibagirwe irondakarere rihora ritwibutsa ikibazo cya kiga na nduga n’ingaruka zacyo zitabarika. Cyuririye ku guhiga ubutwari, gikomereza ku kwitana ba mwana, cyirundurira mu bwironde bukabije no kwikubira mu ngeri zose z’ubuzima bw’igihugu. Na cyo cyakajije umurego w’ivanguramoko hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi, gitera n’icyuho mu kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Ni igihe cyo gusasa inzobe hakagawa amacakubiri yose aho ava akagera. Ndasaba abayobozi aho bava bakagera, abafite ubutegetsi n’ababuharanira gukomera kuri icyo gihango cy’ubwiyunge n’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda. Ibi ni byo nkingi y’amajyambere arambye.
[1] Amagambo yakoreshejwe bwa mbere n’umuhanzi akaba n’umuhanuzi, Kizito Mihigo, mu ndirimbo ye yise Igisobanuro cy’urupfu mu mwaka wa 2014, bishobora kuba byaramubereye n’imwe mu ntandaro z’ugutotezwa kwe bikageza n’ubwo ahasiga ubuzima bwe by’amanzaganya.
[2] S. Desouter; F. Reyntjens, Rwanda. Les violations des droits de l’homme par le FPR/APR. Plaidoyer pour une enquête approfondie, Anvers, Juin 1995; Des Forges, Alison (March 1999). “The Gersony Mission section of The Rwandan Patriotic Front chapter”. Leave No one to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
[3] K. Mihigo, Hataka nyirubukozwemo, Gashyantare, 2020; Igisobanuro cy’urupfu, 2014.
[4] Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Itegeko n. 84/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 ryerekeye icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo, in Official Gazette n. 43 bis of 28/10/2013.
