02/05/2019, Ubwanditsi
Ku italiki itazwi, muri Mata cyangwa Gicurasi uyu mwaka wa 2019, umuvugizi w’ingabo za FLN – umutwe wa gisirikari wiyita ko ari uwo kubohoza u Rwanda – yarafashwe, ndetse ashyikirizwa abicanyi ba Leta ya Kigali.
Inkuru yacu – musoma kuri uyu murongo ukurikira – yasohotse muri iki kinyamakuru ku wa 15 mata 2019, yemezaga ko uyu musore yari yafatiwe mu birwa bya Comores, taliki ya 13 mata 2019, ahita yoherezwa mu Rwanda. Fungura uyu murongo usome iyo nkuru aha hakurikira: Ikindi cyunamo: Maj Callixte Sankara mu ngoto za Paul Kagame!
Nyuma y’uko iyi nkuru ibaye kimomo, abasomyi benshi batureze iraguzamutwe, nyamara ntitwashatse guterana amagambo n’abadutungaga intoki, kuko twari dufite amakuru yizewe, ajyanye n’ifatwa ndetse n’isubizwa mu Rwanda ry’uyu muvugizi w’ingabo za FLN – Front de libération nationale.
Kubera izo mpamvu z’urujijo, ntitwacitse intege. Twakomeje gushakisha amakuru mu muryango wa politiki wa MRCD, uyu musore akomoka mo. Abawugize bakomeje kuturerega, bakadusubiza ibitajyanye n’ibibazo twababazaga. Bagiye ndetse banga kwitaba telefoni zacu cyangwa ngo basubize ubutumwa bugufi twabohererezaga kuri telefoni. Ibi twabibonye mo uburyo bwo guheza itangazamakuru kugira ngo ritamenya neza ibyo abanyapolitiki bacu baba bahugiye mo. Byanatweretse ko aba banyapolitiki baramutse bageze ku butegetsi, na bo bamera nk’abo bashaka gusimbura. Ubusanzwe iyo wiyemeje kuba umunyapolitiki wagombye kumva ko ari igihango gikomeye ugiranye n’abo wifuza kuzayobora: kuba ijwi rya rubanda no kwemera gutanga ibisobanuro ku byo ubazwa nk’umuntu wiyemeje kurengera no guharanira inyungu rusange za rubanda.
Icyo twifuzaga kuri aba banyapolitiki bo muri MRCD, ntaho cyari gihuriye n’ubuzima bwabo bwite. Twabasabaga kunyomoza inkuru yacu ku mugaragaro, kugira ngo bemeze cyangwa bahakane ifatwa n’iyoherezwa mu Rwanda rya Callixte Nsabimana, alias Sankara. Bamwe mu bayobozi ndetse n’abayoboke b’iri shyaka, bagiye bakwepakwepa ibibazo byacu, bagerageza kutwumvisha ko Sankara atigeze yoherezwa mu Rwanda, ntibanemeze ko yigeze anafatwa. Umwe muri aba, mu butumwa bwe bugufi kuri telefoni, yadutangarije ko Sankara yarekuwe, ko ndetse yahise ajya mu gihugu cya Zambiya, biturutse ku busabe bwe, kuko ngo yumvaga nta handi yabona yerekeza yizeye.
Aya makuru twaje gusanga ntaho ashingiye, kuko ayo twamenye neza, tukanayibikaho, ni uko Sankara atigeze ava mu birwa bya Comores, ko ndetse akimara gufatwa, Leta y’u Rwanda yahise ihashinga inkambi za gisirikare, isaba ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihugu gutanga uwo musore, watwererwaga ibyaha byo guteza umutekano muke mu Rwanda, ngo akoresheje imitwe y’iterabwoba n’iya gisirikari.
Ukuri kw’ibi byose kukaba ari uko Sankara yaje kuvanwa muri kasho ya polisi i Moroni (umurwa mukuru w’ibirwa bya Comores), ariko akomeza gucungirwa mu gihugu, mu gihe ibihugu byombi – u Rwanda na Comores – byari mo gushakishiriza hamwe niba Nsabimana Callixte yarekurwa, akidegembya cyangwa niba yahabwa u Rwanda, rukamubamba ku musaraba.
Amakuru yatugezeho icyo gihe ni uko byaje kurangira hemejwe ko Sankara aregwa ibyaha bikomeye, ibyaha ngo byo guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda, akoresheje ingufu za gisirikari, icyo cyaha ngo kikaba gifatwa nk’icyaha gikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. U Rwanda nk’igihugu ngo kigendera ku mategeko, rukaba rwaritwaje iyi ngingo kugirango igihugu cya Comores gitange iyi nzirakarengane, yashakaga mu by’ukuri guhambura ingoyi abanyarwanda b’uyu munsi baboshywe ho kuva mu myaka 25 ishize, ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame bwimye ingoma.
«Ndashaka agahanga ka Sankara», Paul Kagame
Nk’uko mwabisomye mu nkuru yacu y’ubushize yavuzwe hejuru, Paul Kagame, mu kwivovota kwe, yakomeje kumvisha intozo ze ko zigomba kumuhigira Nsabimana Sankara, zikamumushyikiriza, yaba ari muzima cyangwa atakigira umwuka w’abazima.
Paul Kagame ngo yafataga Sankara nk’umuntu ushobora guhungabanya bya nyabyo umutekano w’ubutegetsi bwe, kubera impamvu abandi bamurwanya batujuje: Nsabimana Callixte ni umututsi uzi neza imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwa Kagame. Icyaha cy’inkomoko abahutu bose baregwa, we ntiyakiregwa ngo bishoboke. Ndavuga cya cyaha cy’ubucuruzi cyitiriwe «génocide yakorewe abatutsi». Abandi batutsi barwanya ubutegetsi bwa Kagame, barimo na Déo Mushayidi ubu ufungiye ubusa, bose Kagame abahigisha uruhindu, kuko bamuzi neza, bakaba bazi amanyanga y’ubutegetsi bwe, kubera ko banabubaye mo.
Naho abahutu bavuga ko bamurwanya, ntabwo Kagame abataho igihe cyane, kuko yamaze kubasiga icyasha cy’uko bose baregwa icyaha cy’itsembabatutsi. Ibi bivuze ko baramutse bafatiwe ku bibuga by’indege nk’uko Sankara byamugendekeye, batahonoka icyo cyaha kuko amahanga hafi ya yose azi ko ngo kibanditse ku gahanga.
Umunsi ku munsi Sankara ashobora kwicwa!
Sankara ashobora kwicwa, abishi be bakamuhimbira ko yashakaga gutoroka cyangwa gutorokeshwa. Mu nyandiko yacu iherutse twerekanye ko n’iyo yakorerwa iyicwarubozo, adashobora na riwe gutangaza amakuru ajyanye n’imikorere y’ishyaka rye, n’uko rihagaze muri iki gihe: abayoboke baryo, abaterankunga baryo, n’ibindi.
Nyuma y’ifatwa ry’iyi mpirimbanyi ya demukarasi, amakuru dufite kandi yizewe, ni uko yagiye gufungirwa ahantu hatazwi mu ntara y’amajyepfo, ahahoze hitwa muri perefegitura ya Butare. Ku bazi i Butare, ni hafi y’ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Muri iri shyamba ni ho Sankara yemeje ko ingabo ze zifite ibirindiro, ibi bikaba bitarigeze bivuguruzwa n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda. Gufungira Sankara i Butare, bikekwa ko ari uburyo bw’amayeri ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bwakoresheje kugira ngo abicanyi babwo bazamwicire yo, bityo bwemeze ko yishwe ubwo ingabo ze zikambitse muri Nyungwe, zari zateye aho afungiye, zishaka kumubohoza. Ibi ntibyagombye no kugira uwo bitangaza kuko Kagame ubwe yivugiye ko azajya arasa abanyabyaha ku manywa y’ihangu. Ibi byakozwe ku uwitwa Mugemangango n’abandi benshi bagiye babeshyerwa ko ngo barashwe, bashakaga gutoroka amagereza.
Andi makuru dufite muri aka kanya twandika iyi nkuru, ni uko Sankara byari biteganyijwe ko atungutswa imbere y’itangazamakuru uyu munsi tariki ya 02 Gicurasi 2019, hagati ya saa yine na saa cyenda, isaha y’i Kigali. Ibi byari byaratangajwe kuri radiyo Rwanda na Minisitiri w’Ingabo n’uw’Ububanyi n’amahanga ejo ku wa 01 Gicurasi, uyu mwaka. Kubera impamvu tutaramenya neza irishinyagurirwa ryigijweyo rishyirwa ku munsi tutaramenya neza. Gusa bamwe mu abari munda y’ingoma batwibiye akabanga ariko birinda kutubwira byinshi ngo iri yigizwayo ryo gutungura Sankara imbere y’itangazamakuru ngo ryatewe n’uko kugeza ubu Sankara yanze kugira icyo abatangariza ku bikorwa bye n’ingabo ze avuga ko zibarizwa muri Nyungwe, bityo ngo bakaba batinye ko yabatamaza imbere y’itangazamakuru avuga ibyo bo badashaka ko avuga. Iyica rubozo ngo rikaba rikomeje kumukorerwaho mu ibyo abashinyaguzi n’abashinyaguzi be bise ’’ Grand Messe Militaire’’. Umunyamakuru uracyakomeza gukurikiranira bugufi iyi nkuru n’uko Sankara ubu yicwa urubozo.
Amasezerano y’icyuka mu gutanga Sankara
Amasezerano Leta y’u Rwanda yagiranye n’igihugu cya Comores yo guhererekanya imfungwa z’intambara, aratomoye. Ni amasezerano yabayeho mu buryo bw’amanyanga nyuma y’uko Sankara afatiwe muri icyo gihugu. Aya masezerano yemeza ko Leta ya Comores itanze imfungwa y’intambara, kugirango iburanishwe mu gihugu cyayo. Kuba Leta y’u Rwanda, ikimugeza mu gihugu, itarahise imuca ijosi, ikiyemeza kuzamushyikiriza inkiko, ni uko itashakaga kubangamira aya masezerano y’icyuka yari imaze gusinyana n’igihugu cya Comores.
Andi makuru tugishakishiriza gihamya, ni uko ngo, kubera ko Sankara yinjiye muri Comores ku buryo butubahirije amategeko, iki gihugu cyamubwiye ko kimurekuye, ko ariko agomba gukora uko ashoboye ngo akava ku butaka bwacyo vuba na bwangu. Mbere yo gushimutwa, Sankara ngo yari yasabye ko yifuza kwerekeza muri Zimbabwe, ariko atazi neza ko Kigali imugenda runono, kugeza avuye mu birwa bya Comores kugeza ageze muri Zambiya. Bivugwa ko muri icyo gihugu ariho James Kabarebe yakoreye urugendo, agamije kumvisha ubutegetsi bwa Zambiya ububi bwa Sankara n’impamvu nyakuri yo kumuta muri yombi (terrorisme).
Kuba Sankara ataraburanishwa byo, buri wese yagombye kwisubiza icyo kibazo: inzego za Leta y’abicanyi ziracyamubaza abandi, baba ibihugu, baba abantu ku giti cyabo, bari bafatanyije mu kugaba ibitero ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Byumvikane neza ko, aho kugira ngo acibwe umutwe aka kanya – aho gupfa none, wapfa ejo – Sankara ashobora kuvuga n’ibitavugwa, kuko abicanyi ubu barimo kumuhata ibyo bibazo, nta n’umwe umurusha kubamenya. Ntimuzatangazwe rero n’uko Leta ya Kagame ubu igiye guhiga bukware n’abatakekwaga muri ba nyirabayazana b’ibitero bya Nyabimata, n’ibindi byagiye bibera mu nkengero y’ishyamba rya Nyungwe.
Urugamba Sankara yatangije rurakomeza cyangwa rurahagarara?
Uru rugamba rushobora gukomeza cyangwa rugahagarara. Rushobora gukomeza kubera ko Sankara yari yaramaze gutangaza ko n’iyo yafatwa akicwa, hari abandi bashobora kurukomeza. Kuri micro ya Espérance Mukashema wa radiyo Ubumwe, Sankara, ati:
«Ba Sankara ni benshi. N’iyo napfa uyu munsi, FLN tumaze kuyubaka. Hamaze kuboneka abandi bana benshi bafite ishyaka n’umurava wo kwitanga, ku buryo urugamba rudashobora guhagarara. Ni ugutsinda cyangwa tugapfa. Muri revolisiyo habamo ibintu bibiri: uratsinda cyangwa ugapfa.
Che Gevara ni we wajyaga avuga ati «urupfu niba runshaka, narubwira iki, ruzaze. Ati icy’ingenzi ni uko nyuma yo gupfa kwanjye, hari uzahaguruka agafata intwaro, agakomeza ibyo twarwaniraga.» Ibyo ni byo bitekerezo biri mu misokoro y’umutima wanjye.
Nanyuze mu bintu byinshi: urupfu narubonye mu maso inshuro nyinshi. Muri 1994, maze kumenya ko bishe mama wanjye, naturumbutse ku muhutu wari umpishe, ndavuga nti nishyiriye interahamwe, zinyice. Uwo muhutu arahaguruka, abwira abana be ati nimugarure uwo mwana; ati aho kugirango bagukoreho bazabanza banyice.
N’iyo napfa, nzapfa ndi ku rugamba, kuko waramutse gupfa, uzapfa. Icyantera ubwoba ni ugukomeza kuba umugaragu wa biriya bihararumbo bya Kagame, bimaze abanyarwanda. Ubu turimo kwiyubaka, n’iyo napfa, abandi bazakomeza.»
Izi nzozi za Sankara, zaba zizahinduka mo ukuri? Abo avuga asize inyuma, ni bo basubiza iki kibazo. Twebwe tubona ko urugamba Sankara yashoje rushobora kudakomeza, kubera ko wenda byagora kubona umusimbura. Sankara yari umucikacumu, utaregwa icyaha cya génocide, kiregwa abahutu bose uko bakabaye. Kuba ishyaka aturuka mo ryaramuhise mo ngo arihagararire ku rugamba, bifite inyito yabyo: abenshi mu barigize batinyaga kuba abavugizi b’uyu mutwe, kugira ngo bataregwa, bakanakurikirwaho icyaha cy’inkomoko.
Kuba Sankara ashobora kutabona umusimbura ku buvugizi bwa FLN, birashoboka, bikaba byanatuma urugamba yatangije ruhagarara. Impuzamashyaka ya MRCD Sankara yabarizwaga mo, abatutsi bayirimo ni mbarwa batinyuka kumusimbura. Mu bahutu bagize MRCD, abakwiyemeza gusimbura Sankara, barangwa n’ubwoba, uretse n’ubwoba bwabo, biroroshye ko batamara kabiri badafashwe, bakoherezwa mu Rwanda cyangwa bakaburanishirizwa mu bihugu bibacumbikiye.
Ingero z’ubwoba bwabo ntizibuze. Ubwo Sankara yafatirwaga i Moroni, bose baneye mu bihu. Nta n’umwe washakaga no kwemera ko umuvugizi wabo yafashwe. Nta n’ubwo banatinyutse guteza ubwega mu miryango mpuzamahanga cyangwa iy’abanyarwanda iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, kugirango aba byibura bigaragambye mu bihugu batuye mo, basaba ko Sankara yarekurwa. Ubu bwoba bwabo bugaragaza ko «leadership» yabo iciriritse.
Ikindi twakomoza ho tukiri kuri iyi ngingo, ni itangazo ry’urukozasoni basohoye, aho Paul Rusesebagina, warishyizeho umukono, yabaye nk’ugaragaza ko ikimuraje ishinga ari abahungu n’abakowa be bari ku rugamba, ariko akirengangiza ko Sankara ari we wari inkingi mwikorezi y’urugamba. Iyo usomye neza iryo tangazo, usanga riteye ishozi. Sankara asa nk’aho ntacyo avuze muri MRCD, ko yari nk’umuntu usanzwe wanyuraho, ukihitira gusa. Ikindi ni uko itangazo rya Rusesabagina ngo ryagenewe abanyamakuru, nyamara aba bamuhamagara, bamubaza amakuru ya Sankara, ntiyitabe telefoni, cyangwa ngo asubize ubutumwa bugufi bagiye bamwoherereza. Aha twavuga ndetse n’abandi basangiye iyo ngirwa-puzamashyaka ko bose bayobewe ayo bacira n’ayo bamira; bityo bakaba barahisemo kwihugika iyo mu manama adafite umutwe n’ikibuno ngo barategura ibyo bazabwira rubanda n’abanyamakuru. Ni akumiro! Ntibaramenya ko itangazamakuru naryo ari igikoresho cy’urugamba bashobora kwifashisha. Hagati aho Kagame na FPR ye ubu bivuga ibigwi, bo barakoresha uburyo bwose bushoboka babinyujije mu itangazamakuru ngo bigarurire isura yabo y’umutekano mu uduce twa Nyungwe yari yahindanyijwe.
Kubera izo mpamvu zose, twemeza ko Sankara yazize uburangare n’ubunararibonye bucye by’abayobozi ba MRCD. Bamwe muri aba, ntibatinyaga no gutema ishami bicariye. Bavugaga ko batazi neza icyari cyajyanye Sankara muri Comores; nyamara bakirengagiza ko Sankara, nk’inyeshyamba yujuje ibyangombwa, yahoraga agenda, ashakisha aho yabona umutekano.
Nk’inyeshyamba iyo ari yo yose, Sankara nta cyangombwa kizwi yari atunze. Ibi byari bizwi neza n’abo muri MRCD n’ubwo byagaragaye ko babyirengagije nkana mu kumutabariza cyangwa se bakabikora impitagihe, bataniyumvisha uburemere nyakuri bw’uko Sankara yagurishwa nk’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, akoherezwa i Kigali. Kuri ibi, niba hari ubona ko twibeshya, turasaba ikiganiro mpaka ubuyobozi bwa MRCD, aho umuyobozi mukuru wayo Paul Rusesebagina yizezaga abantu bose ko Sankara arinzwe bikomeye, ko igihe nikigera, azafata mikoro, akadusobanurira uko yanyuze mu myanya y’intoki z’abicanyi ba Kagame, ubu barimo kumukina ku mubyimba.
Ibyo Sankara yakoraga, bijyanye n’urugamba yashoje, nta washidikanya ko na we yari yaramaze kubona ko ari ukwiyahura, kubera ko abayobozi be bari barananiwe kumubonera ubwihisho bwizewe. Izi ntege nke z’abayobozi be zikaba zikubise hasi igihwereye ku cyizere abanyarwanda bari baratangiye kugirira uyu musore. Sankara yari yaratangiye kuba indorerwamo y’amoko yose y’abanyarwanda, abake bamurwanyaga bo bakamubona mo kubatanga umushi, ari na cyo cyatumye bamugambanira, abicanyi bakamugwa gitumo. Amakuru ku bamutanze ngo acibwe umutwe, na yo ntimurambirwe, murahishiwe.
Ibyo ari byose byose, kwemera ko Sankara ari intwari, ntawe byagombye gukomeretsa cyangwa gutera ipfunwe. Ubutwari bwe bwanigaragaje ku maso no ku munwa wa minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga, Dr Richard Sezibera, wari wishimiye ifatwa rya Sankara nk’umwana wishimiye ko yaneye inzoka.
Kugereranya ubutwari bwa Sankara n’ubwa Fred Rwigema, wiyemeje gutera no gupfira ku rugamba rwo kubohoza u Rwanda, nta kinegu buri wese yagombye kubibona mo. Niba hari abandi biyita intwari basigaye inyuma, turabategereje, baba abahutu n’abatutsi, cyane ko Sankara yarwaniraga ko abanyarwanda bose baturuka muri aya moko, bibohora ingoma y’agahotoro ya FPR-Inkotanyi.
Amasengesho yanyu mwese (abasenga niba muhari) arakenewe kugirango Imana ikomeze ikande ibikomere by’imihini y’ingoma yica. Nta ntambara itagira ibitambo, cyeretse iyo irwanywa n’abapfayongo!
