15/07/2018, Yanditswe na Amiel Nkuliza
Kuwa 06 Mata 1994, ubwo perezida Habyarimana yicirwaga mu ndege yari imuvanye i Dar-es-salam muri Tanzaniya, iyo ndege yari itwawe n’Abafaransa bane: abapilote babiri n’abakanishi bayo babiri. Nyuma y’iyo mpanuka imiryango y’abo bafaransa bayiguye mo, yahise itanga ikirego kugirango irebe ko yahabwa impozamarira. Inyungu zishingiye kuri politiki ya ba mpatsibihugu, ari na bo bafatanyacyaha muri icyo gikorwa, zatumye kugeza uyu munsi iyo miryango itagira icyo ibona.
N’ubwo na yo yari izi neza ko iyicwa ry’abakuru b’u Rwanda n’Uburundi aba ba mpatsibihugu bari babifitemo uruhare, imiryango ya perezida Habyarimana na yo yaboneyeho, itanga ikirego, kugirango na yo irebe ko yabona kuri izo mpozamarira. Ni bya bindi ngo uhiriye mu nzu ntaho adapfunda imitwe.
Ikigo (compagnie) cy’indege ya Falcon 50 yaguye mo aba perezida b’u Rwanda n’Uburundi, ndetse n’abari babaherekeje, cyaje gusuzuma ikirego cy’iyi miryango, cyiyemeza kwishyura izo mpozamarira, ariko zemererwa gusa umuryango wa perezida Habyarimana n’uwa mugenzi we Ntaryamira. Amafaranga yo kwishyura imiryango y’abo bakuru b’ibihugu bombi yaje kunyuzwa muri sosiyete y’ubwinshingizi yo mu Rwanda (Sonarwa), nyamara ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi bwanga ko ayo mafaranga ahabwa abafasha ba ba Nyakwigendera.
Kutemera ko ayo mafaranga y’impozamarira ahabwa umuryango wa Habyarimana n’uwa Ntaryamira, nta kindi byari bihatse uretse urwango ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, na Paul Kagame uyiri ku isonga, bwari bufitiye abaperezida bombi, baturukaga mu bwoko bw’abahutu. By’umwihariko uwari visi perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, mu biganiro bitandukanye yagiranye n’itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, yakunze gusubiza abanyamakuru ko ntacyo yagombye kwicuza ku rupfu rwa Habyarimana, ngo kuko yari yaramuhejeje mu buhungiro imyaka irenga 30.
N’ubwo ubucamanza bw’Ubufaransa na bwo bwari buzi neza ko iyicwa ry’abayobozi b’u Rwanda n’Uburundi ryari rishingiye ku mpamvu za politiki ya ba mpatsibihugu, bwiyemeje kwakira ikirego, ndetse bwemeza, nyuma y’amaperereza yabwo, ko ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege ryakozwe n’abakomando ba FPR-Inkotanyi.
Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière, mu mwaka wa 2006, ni bwo yahise asohora inzandiko zo gufata abasirikare bakuru b’u Rwanda bagera kuri 40, yemezaga ko bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege nyamara, nk’uko nabivuze haruguru, inyungu za ba mpatsibihugu zabyitambitse mo, ntihagira n’umwe ufatwa kugirango ashyikirizwe inkiko.
Major Rosa Kabuye iruhande rwa shebuja Paul Kagame
Urugero rufatika ni urwa Colonel Roza Kabuye, na we wari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’ubucamanza bw’Ubufaransa, waje gufatirwa ku kibuga cy’indege i Frankfort mu Budage, iki gihugu kigahita kimwohereza mu Bufaransa, kugirango abe ari ho ajya kubarizwa, nyamara ya mpatsibihugu, ikomeje gukingira ikibaba abicanyi ba FPR-Inkotanyi, yakoresheje igitugu cyayo Roza Kabuye ahita arekurwa.
Nyuma y’imyanzuro y’umucamanza w’Ubufaransa n’ibazwa rya Roza Kabuye ubwo yari yashyikirijwe Jean-Louis Bruiguière, Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi yahise ihembera umujinya n’ubundi yari isanganywe ku gihugu n’abayobozi bakuru b’Ubufaransa, ishakisha ibirego yagereka ku Bufaransa, ari bwo yaguye ku kinyoma cy’uko Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bahoze mu kiswe «Zone Turquoise», ngo bagize uruhare mu gushyigikira Leta y’u Rwanda yatsinzwe ndetse no gushyira mu bikorwa génocide yo muri 94, ngo yenyegejwe n’iyo Leta. Ni muri urwo rwego raporo Mucyo yahise isohoka, ndetse ishyira ahagaragara urutonde rw’amazina y’abo basirikare b’Abafaransa bahoze muri «Zone Turquoise» ku Kibuye n’i Cyangugu.
Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi yaje kubona ko ibi birego Leta y’Ubufaransa itabihaye agaciro, ihindura umuvuno, ari bwo yahise isesa burundu umubano wayo n’Ubufaransa, umubano wari ushingiye kuri za ambasade. Ingaruka z’uwo mujinya w’umuranduranzuzi zabaye ko ambasade y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda ifungwa, iy’u Rwanda na yo mu Bufaransa ikaba imeze nk’aho itagikora, dore ko ambasaderi Kabare, uyihagarariye i Paris, asa n’aho yibera i Kigali.
Si ibyo gusa kuko Leta ya FPR yakurikijeho kwirukana ururimi rw’igifaransa mu mashuri no mu nzego zose za Leta, abakize n’abakigishaga mu mashuri mato, mu yisumbuye no muri za kaminuza, ibahindura ba mayibobo, abafite uburyo baratorongera, abandi bajya kwihingira ibirayi iyo mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda.
Kubera ko umwanzi atajya ahuga na rimwe, Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi yabonye ko ibyo gukenesha no gutorongeza abaminuje mu rurimi rw’igifaransa bidahagije, ikurikizaho gufunga ikigo ndangamuco cy’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa (Centre culturel franco-rwandais), na byo ibonye ko Leta y’Ubufaransa ntacyo biyibwiye, iza noneho kugisenya burundu. Ndibutsa ko icyo kigo cyari gifite uruhare runini mu kwimakaza umuco n’ururimi rw’igifaransa mu Rwanda, ndetse no gufasha abahanzi n’abanditsi mu kwamamaza ibihangano byabo.
Nta mwanzi, nta n’umukunzi ubaho muri politiki
Nyuma y’uko umwanzi w’ejo hashize ahindutse noneho inshuti y’uyu munsi ya Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi, iyi politiki y’umukino w’injangwe n’imbeba yatangiye kuvugisha amangambure imitwe myinshi y’abanyarwanda, cyane cyane abo Leta ya Kagame yari yarashyize mu mutwe ko Ubufaransa bwagize uruhare rudasubirwaho muri génocide yakorewe abatutsi. Aba mbere bari baramize bunguri iyo vanjiri ni abacikacumu ba génocide yo muri 1994. Kubera igitugu cya Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi, aba basaga n’abemejwe ku ngufu ko icyatumye imiryango yabo ishira ari uko abafaransa ngo bashyigikiye ingoma ya Habyarimana, ngo yagize uruhare mu kubatsemba.
Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame n’uw’Ubufransa Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Macron, umaze igihe gito atorewe kuyobora Ubufaransa, arasa n’aho ari we nyirabayazana w’iyi politiki y’injangwe n’imbeba iri hagati y’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa. Isesengura ry’abantu batandukanye rirerekana ko uyu mukuru w’igihugu ukiri mutoya, ugereranije n’abamubanjirije, ashaka kwerekana ko agatotsi kabaye hagati y’ibihugu byombi nta ruhare yakagize mo, nyamara abandi basesenguzi bakerekana ko ahubwo politiki y’Ubufaransa ntaho ihuriye n’iy’umuntu ku giti cye, ko ahubwo ishingiye ku nyungu za politiki ibihugu byombi, Ubufaransa n’u Rwanda, bihuriyeho.
Abavuga ibi bemeza ko Ubufaransa, nk’igihugu cyubashywe kandi gikomeye ku isi, kirimo kurwana intambara yo kudashyirwa mu majwi n’agahugu kangana urwara nk’u Rwanda, karega icyo gihugu ko iyicwa ry’abatutsi barenga miliyoni rigomba kubazwa Ubufaransa.
Aba na none bemeza ko u Rwanda na rwo rufite inyungu z’uko ruramutse rwiyunze n’Ubufaransa, ubucamanza bw’icyo gihugu bwahagarika ishyirwa mu bikorwa rw’impapuro zo gufata abagize uruhare mu guhanura indege yaguye mo abaperezida babiri, uw’u Rwanda n’Uburundi. Iyi dosiye ikaba ihangayikishije ubutegetsi bwa Kagame, dore ko na Carla del Ponte, umushinjacyaha wigeze gukurikirana abaregwa icyaha cya génocide, bafungiye Arusha muri Tanzaniya, yigeze gutangaza ko biramutse bigaragaye ko abasirikare ba Kagame ari bo bahanuye indege ya Habyarimana, ibyitwaga icyaha cya génocide byagombye guhindura inyito.
Abakurikiranyweho icyo cyaha, bafungiwe Arusha no mu yandi magereza atandukanye, bemeza ko iyo indege ya Habyarimana itaraswa n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi, nta génocide yo gutsemba abatutsi ngo yari kubaho ukundi.
Isesengura ry’abagize igice cya gatatu rishingiye ku banyamategeko. Aba berekana neza ko, n’ubwo ikibazo cy’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana gishingiye ku mpamvu za politiki ya ba mpatsibihugu, bidakuraho ikirego cyangwa icyaha gikurikiranyweho abakigize mo uruhare, ubari ku isonga akaba ari perezida Kagame, ugikingiwe ikibaba n’ubudahangarwa (immunité), ikibaba cy’uko akiri umukuru w’igihugu.
Ngaho aho iyi politiki y’umukino w’injangwe n’imbeba isa n’aho izingiye, cyane cyane nyuma y’uko minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Rwanda atangaje ko aziyamamariza umwanya w’umukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ibihugu bivuga, bikanateza imbere ururimi rw’igifaransa (Francophonie). Iyi politiki ikaba inageze ku rwego rwo hejuru kuko madame Louise Mushikiwabo aherutse gushyigikirwa kuri uwo mwanya na perezida w’Ubufaransa uriho muri iki gihe, Emmanuel Macron.
Ni nde wungukira cyangwa uhombera muri aya macenga ya politiki?
Byumvikane neza ko abungukira muri aya macenga ari hagati y’ibihugu byombi ari ibi bihugu ubwabyo. Niba u Rwanda rwemeye ko umubano mubi rwari rufitanye n’Ubufaransa usubukurwa, bivuze ko rwabeshywe ko gukurikirana abahanuye indege bivuyeho, bityo inzandiko – ibyo abarundi bita imitahe (mandats) – Jean-Louis Bruguière yari yaratanze, umucamanza wamusimbuye akazisubiza mu kabati.
Ubufaransa na bwo bufite inyungu muri aya macenga kubera ko umubano mubi bwari bufitanye n’u Rwanda ushingiye kuri za ambasade, uzasubukurwa. Ambasade y’Ubufaransa i Kigali, yari imaze igihe ifunze, izongera gufungura imiryango; inzu ndangamuco y’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa, yari yarafunzwe mbere y’uko isenywa, na yo izongera yubakwe; igifaransa kizongera kwigishwa mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda, n’indi mishinga Ubufaransa bwari bufite mo inyungu yongere itange akazi ku bafaransa bazaza kuneka abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda.
Abazahombera muri iyi politiki y’umukino w’injangwe n’imbeba na bo ntibazabura: imiryango y’abafaransa bane, bari batwaye indege Falcon 50, bakanayigwa mo, ikirego cyayo kizaba gipfuye ubusa. Abanyarwanda n’abarundi baguye muri iyo ndege, nabo kwishyurwa bizaba bitakibaye.
Abarokotse génocide yo mu Rwanda, bari barabeshywe na Leta ya FPR ko ari Ubufaransa bwayikongeje, bazabura ayo bacira n’ayo bamira. Niba Ubufaransa bwari kuzagezaho bugatanga impozamarira kuri iyo miryango – dore ko ubutegetsi bwa Kagame ari cyo bwifuzaga – nta n’urumiya buzaba bugitanze.
Umuzimu ngo arira ku munyagasani
Uretse izi nyungu z’ibihugu byombi, nta n’uwabura gukeka ko abanyarwanda bari barabuze icyo bakoresha igifaransa bari barize muri za kaminuza zo mu Rwanda no hanze, noneho bazakibyaza umusaruro. Bashobora kuzubikira imbehe abavantara bari buzuye muri za minisiteri no mu bigo byigenga, bavugaga ibyongereza bari baratoraguye mu mihanda y’i Kampala, aho bazungurizaga uducogocogo, amagi n’ubunyobwa.
Aba kububikira imbehe Kagame ntacyo bimubwiye kuko icyo areba ni inyungu ze n’abemera kutazibangamira. Kuri we, utaribye igihugu muri iyi myaka 24 ishize, biramureba. Izi nyungu n’ubwo zazakubita hasi igihwereye mu gihe kizaza, Kagame azaba yarakuye mo aye. Nubwo yazasabwa kuyasubiza, si kimwe n’utaragize agira icyo abona. Aho gupfa wishwe n’inzara, wapfa uhaze, nubwo zose ari imfu.
Politiki iciriritse ya Leta ya Kagame
Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara na Leta y’u Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru, rirasaba buri munyarwanda, yaba ukunda umupira n’umuturage utazi iby’umupira w’amaguru aho bigana, kwamamaza ikipe y’Ubufaransa izakina ku cyumweru, taliki ya 15 Nyakanga 2018. Ni mu mukino wa nyuma w’igikombe cy’isi, uzahuza ikipe y’Ubufaransa n’iy’igihugu cya Korowatiya (Croitie).
Iyo umuntu urebera kure politiki mpuzamahanga akoze isesengura ry’aya macenga ya politiki, usanga ririmo ya politiki y’inyungu ibihugu bikennye biba bitegereje ku bihugu bikomeye byo ku isi. Biteye isoni ko Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi yari yaranze urunuka igihugu cy’Ubufaransa, ubu noneho igeze aho igikorera iyamamaza (publicité) kitigeze kiyisaba.
Gutegeka abaturage ngo bave mu mirimo yabo bazajye kogeza ikipe y’Ubufaransa, ishobora no gutsindwa – kuko byose bishoboka, n’ubwo tutayibyifuriza – biteye isoni, yewe biranagayitse. Uretse no kuba bigayitse, birimo isura ya politiki iciriritse y’abayobozi b’u Rwanda, ya politiki isuzuguritse yo gusaba uwo wimye.
Guhatira abaturage kujya kogeza ikipe y’Ubufaransa simbona icyo u Rwanda rubyungukira mo ku bijyanye n’umubano rurimo gushakisha ku ngufu hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Ibi bisa na bimwe byo ku ngoma ya gihake, abasurushefu bapfukamishaga umuja bakamukubita ibiboko umubiri wose, bugacya uyu azindukira iwe kumukamira inka no kumuhingira imishike, azi neza ko atazahembwa. Aba baja n’abagaragu ngo babyitaga gufata igihe k’uwo bahatsweho.
Ni koko u Rwanda rurimo guhakwa ku Bufaransa, nyamara ubuhake bugira uko bugenda; guhakwa binasaba ubwenge umuntu yagombye gukoresha k’uwo ahakwaho. Guhakirizwa ku Bufaransa ngo bukureho inzandiko zo gufata abicanyi b’ingoma iriho ubu mu Rwanda, ntibyagombye kunyuzwa mu gushyigikira ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru, cyane cyane binyujijwe ku muturage utazi uko uwo mukino ugenda, wa muturage utaranigeze amenya icyo Ubufaransa bwaba bwarapfuye n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi.
Inyungu Ubufaransa n’u Rwanda bafite muri aya macenga ya politiki, kuzitirira umuntu, bigaragara mo kurindagiza rubanda cyangwa se ibitekerezo bigufi by’abagize ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi na kizigenza wabo, ari we Paul Kagame.
Icyihishe inyuma y’izi nyungu n’amacenga ari hagati y’ibihugu byombi, abanyarwanda n’abafaransa bashobora kuzagifatisha amaboko abiri.
