17/06/2018, Yanditswe na Amiel Nkuliza
Ni ba nde bibeshye kuri FPR-Inkotanyi kugeza n’aho ibafatana igihugu ? Icyo ni ikibazo kibazwa na benshi, kikaburirwa igisubizo. Abafite ibisubizo ni na benshi, ahubwo ni uko batitaye ku byakorwa ngo binashyirwe mu bikorwa. Hariho umugani wa kinyarwanda uvuga ko kwibeshya bibaho, ko nta n’uwabirenganyiriza undi, kuko biri muri kamere muntu «se tromper, c’est humain», disent les Français.
Abanyarwanda na bo bibeshye kuri FPR-INKOTANYI ubwo yateraga u Rwanda ku wa mbere ukwakira 1990. Abibeshye mbere y’abandi ni abari bagize ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Aba, kubera inyungu zabo bwite, bavugaga ko ngo impunzi z’abatutsi zari zinyanyagiye isi yose, cyane cyane mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda, ngo zagombaga kuguma iyo zahungiye, ngo kuko u Rwanda rwari ruto, nk’ikirahuri cyuzuye amazi. Iyo bazireka zigataha mu mahoro, ngira ngo nta n’intambara yari kubaho, intambara yavutse mo itsembamoko.
Abandi bibeshye kuri FPR-INKOTANYI ni abanyapolitiki bari bahagarariye amashyaka yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana : PL, PSD, na MDR – dore ko aya mashyaka ari yo yari akomeye mu gihugu – ntako atagize ngo yorohereze inyeshyamba za FPR kwinjira mu gihugu no gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Sinzi niba muri aba bose hari n’umwe watekereza kugira ubutwari bwo kwicuza icyo cyaha imbere y’intebe ya Penetensiya!
Si aba gusa bahemukiye u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda : ba mpatsibihugu, na bo bakoresheje ibihugu nka Uganda ndetse na Tanzaniya, bibeshya cyangwa bazi neza ko bari mu nzira iboneye yo gutembagaza igifaransa, cyakoreshwaga nk’ururimi rwo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, Zayire n’Uburundi. Uwavuga ko aba na bo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza akaga igihugu cyacu, ntiyaba yibeshye.
Mbere y’uko igihugu cyacu kigabizwa n’abasazi, abanyarwanda bo mu moko yose bari batuje, bakundana, bahana abageni, baca imyeyo kimwe, bagabirana (inka n’imirima), batizanya impfizi, bahingirana (mu budehe cyangwa bahana imibyizi), batirana (kwatira) imirima, bagenderana bakanasukirana uducuma tw’inzoga, bahekerana abarwayi, basakarirana amazu, batabarana igihe cyose hari ugize ibyago: igihe hari uvugije induru inzu ye ihiye, umuntu atewe n’abagizi banabi cyangwa yimbwe inka n’ibindi…Muri make bafite umuco wo banywera ku ntango imwe, bivuze ko basangiraga byose: akabisi n’agahiye. Bari abavandimwe batishishanya, bari bene muntu, bene Kanyarwanda. Ibyo byiza byose bari bahuriyeho, babiheruka ubwo: ibyari kiga-nduga – itari igize icyo ibatwaye – ubu yasimbuwe n’itsembabwoko ngo ritagira amoko, uretse ubwoko bumwe rukumbi bwa génocide ngo yakorewe abatutsi!
Repubulika ya mbere ibifite mo uruhe ruhare ?
Uvuye ibumoso ujya iburyo: Minisitiri n’umugaba w’ingabo Général Juvénal Habyarima na Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda
Abari bayigize, numva babavuga. Sinabamenye cyane, uretse kwiga amazina yabo mu isomo ryitwaga «éducation civique». Ababazi neza bemeza ko ngo bo bapfaga gushyira mu gaciro. Ngo ikibi bakoze kiruta ibindi ni ukwirukana umwami, abana n’abuzukuru be bakamukurikira iyo yari yarahungiye, ingaruka zikaba kugaruka barwana inkundura.
Aba ngo nta muhutu wigeze abirukana mu gihugu, n’ubwo abari bagize Leta ya mbere ngo bari abahutu gusa. Ngo bahunze u Rwanda rutagira umwami, ariko cyane cyane ngo kubera ko batashakaga gutegekwa n’abahutu. Ayo ni amateka ashingiye k’ukuri; ukuri k’ukuri, nyamara kugorekwa n’ab’ubu – bafite ubutegetsi muri iki gihe – kubera inyungu zabo bwite, inyungu zo gucakaza abanyantege nke.
Aba bemeza, nta n’isoni, ko ngo mu myaka ya za 59 birukanywe n’ingoma y’abahutu, ari na ho inzigo yo kubamara, kubafunga no kubacakaza, yaturutse. Ibi si urw’umwe: ni ibya mwene muntu, kuko ingoma idahora yamye n’ubundi ngo ari igicuma!
N’ubwo nta byera ngo de, iyi repubulika ya mbere ngo yari ifite n’akandi gakeregeshwa kayo, kaganishaga u Rwanda mu nzira iboneye ya demukarasi. Ngo ntiyatinyaga amatora, cyane cyane ko yabaga yizeye kuyatsinda, kubera ko abatoraga ngo bari bagizwe na nyamwinshi, nyamuke iri aho, irebera, n’ubwo iyi ngo yahoraga iri jisho!
Ugereranije n’ingoma zayikurikiye, repubulika ya mbere ngo ntabwo yanukirwaga n’amatora. Ababurugumesitiri n’abahagarariye inzego z’ibanze ngo batorwaga na rubanda. Amatora y’icyo gihe ngo si kimwe n’ay’uyu munsi y’abayobozi bo muri FPR ngo batinya amatora nk’uko umuriro utinya amazi.
Abakuru b’amakomini, abajyanama n’abaselire, ngo bashyirwagaho n’abaturage; ndetse aba ngo banitoreraga n’abadepite, bakurikije uko babazi n’icyo bazabamarira. Nyamara na none ngo nta byera ngo de: hari ubwo perezida Kayibanda ngo yitambikaga muri ayo matora, ashaka ko hatorwa depite kanaka, ariko abaturage bakwanga uwo muntu, ngo ntibigire ingaruka mbi, nk’iz’ubu, zo mu basazi b’ubu.
Abatorwaga ngo babaga baturutse mu mashyaka yagize uruhare rukomeye mu mpinduramatwara yo mu 1959, ab’ubu banga urunuka, kuko iyi mpinduramatwara ngo ni yo yatumye bakwira imishwaro, n’ubwo ukuri ngo kwari ukundi: ngo bari barikurikiriye umwami wabo, badashaka gutegekwa n’abahutu.
Iyi nzira ya demukarasi ya Kayibanda yakomwe na nde mu nkokora?
Icyatumye iyi nzira ya demokarasi idakomeza ngo ni ibitero by’inyenzi byari bikaze kuva mu myaka ya za 62, 63, 67, ndetse no kwanga guhunguka kw’ impunzi z’abatutsi zari zarahunze igihugu hagati ya 1959 na 1961. Izi mpamvu zombi ngo zatumye habaho imirwano hagati y’izo nyenzi na leta yariho icyo gihe, iyo mirwano ikaba ngo yarahitanaga abatari bake, baba abahutu n’abatutsi bari barasigaye mu gihugu, baranze gukurikira umwami.
Anketi ya «parquet fédéral belge» ngo yemeje ko ubwo bwicanyi bwahitanye abarenga magana atanu (500). Icyo gihe ngira ngo u Rwanda n’abayobozi barwo bari bataramenya neza inyungu ziri mu gutekinika no gutubura (gonfler) imibare y’abishwe!
Aho byenda guhurira n’iby’abasazi b’ubu ni uko, uko inyenzi zagabaga ibitero mu gihugu, bamwe mu basirikari biraraga mu baturage b’abatutsi, babashinja kuba ibyitso by’inyenzi. Ibyo, ni ibyo kugawa.
Nyakwigendera ambasaderi Bonaventure Ubarijoro, mu biganiro bitandukanye twagiranye, ati: «ubufatanye mu bya gisirikari (coopération militaire) u Rwanda rwari rufitanye n’igihugu cy’Ububiligi, bwagiye bugira uruhare rukomeye muri iyo muyaga yose». Na none, ati: «mu mwaka wa 63, abakuru ba UNAR na RADER bishwe ku bwinshi, bazira ko ayo mashyaka yabo yari agizwe n’abatutsi benshi, bari bagitsimbaraye ku ngoma ya cyami n’umwami wabo, wari umaze igihe gito ahunze u Rwanda».
Ikomwa mu nkokora rya demukarasi ngo ryasubukuwe n’ubutegetsi bwa HABYARIMANA. Ubalijoro – n’ubwo ubu butegetsi bwari bumufashe neza – hari ubwo yasaga n’uteshuka gato, akemeza ko ntaho bwari butaniye cyane n’ubw’abasazi b’ubu, cyane cyane mu kubangamira inzira nyabagendwa Kayibanda ngo yari yaraharuye, inzira ngo yaganishaga igihugu muri demukarasi isesuye.
Ibi, Ubalijoro abishingira ko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwahatiraga abanyarwanda bose kuba abayoboke b’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND, iri shyaka ngo rikaba riri muri byinshi byadindije ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya demukarasi yari igamijwe.
Nyamara, ngo n’ubwo nta murozi wabuze umukarabya, abaturage ngo bihitiragamo uwo bashaka mu matora, cyane cyane ayo mu nzego z’ibanze kugeza ku y’ababurugumesitiri. Ibi ngo byari mbere y’uko Habyarimana ahindura umuvuno, noneho ishyaka rye rikajya rishyiraho ababurugumesitiri n’abadepite batatowe na rubanda, nk’uko iri shyaka n’ubundi ryashyiragaho abakuru b’amaperefegitura (les préfets), uko yari icumi mu gihugu.
Ibyo muri FPR byo ni agahomamunwa: ibinyoma gusa gusa!
Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana n’umunyamakuru wa radiyo Rwanda, Francis Kaboneka, ufite ubutegetsi bw’igihugu mu nshingano ze, yarihanukiriye, anyomeka abantu ko ngo ba «meya» batorwa n’abaturage. Meya ni we burugumesitiri wa cyera. Ni mu kiganiro umunyamakuru Anne-Marie yashakaga kumenya mo impamvu nyamukuru abo ba meya birukanwa cyangwa bakeguzwa batamaze kabiri.
Mu gusubiza ibyo bibazo yabazwaga, minisitiri Kaboneka yirengagije ko – n’ubwo nta kundi yari kubivuga – kugira ngo meya ashyirweho agomba kuba ari umukada cyangwa maneko wa DMI (urwego rw’ubutasi rwa gisirikari).
Icyo uyu munyamakuru yatinye cyangwa yirengagije kubaza Kaboneka, ni uko yaba uwo mukada cyangwa umu DMI, kugirango ashyirweho, agomba kuba yarakoze byibura igisirikari umwaka wose. Bisobanuye ko meya agomba kuba ari umusirikari, aho kuba umukandida uzwi n’abaturage, unavuka aho hafi y’abaturage.
Mu mpaka ndende, zirimo n’umucyo hagati ya Kaboneka na Anne-Marie, icyakwishimirwa ni uko abaturage batangiye gutinyuka kuvuga icyo batekereza. Aba bemeje, badategwa ko abameya badatorwa n’abaturage, ndetse ko ntaho baba barigeze bababona. Ngo babona meya aje kubayobora, bakongera kubona bamwirukanye ku buyobozi, yeguye ku bushake bwe cyangwa yegujwe n’inzego zitajya zimenyekana.
Iri kinamico Kaboneka yita amatora, riherekezwa n’abandi bakada cyangwa aba DMI bitirirwa «njyanama». Aba ngo bafite ububasha bukomeye kuko aho bashakiye birukana meya kubera impamvu zitandukanye.
Hari igihe ngo baba bashaka kumusimbura ku buyobozi, bakanamuhimbira ibirego bikomeye, akenshi byanamucisha umutwe : meya wa Rubavu aherutse kuregwa ko yanze kwakira ”urumuri rw’icyizere” (bougie) mu muhango wo kwibuka abazize itsembabatutsi ryo muri 94. Iki cyaha, kitagira amategeko agihana, cyaramuhamye, ndetse ubu aragifungiwe kubera ko n’ubundi yari asanganywe ikindi cyaha cy’inkomoko: umuhutukazi.
Kugira ngo humvikane neza impamvu nyamukuru y’iyeguzwa n’iyirukanwa ry’aba meya, bisaba gutekereza cyane uburyo ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukora. Icya mbere ni uko buzi neza ko buramutse bushyizeho amatora adafifitse, abaturage bakitorera abameya bashaka, ubutegetsi bwa FPR butamara kabiri. Ntibwamara kabiri, kuko umubare munini w’abatora ni uw’abahutu.
Icya kabiri ni uko n’abatutsi batangiye kumva ko ubutegetsi biyitiriraga, ntaho bagihuriye na bwo, cyane cyane ko na bo bwatangiye kubamashaho amasasu ku manywa y’ihangu: Assinapolo Rwigara ntawamurushaga ubututsi no kuba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu gufasha no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwamwishe. Umugore we, Adeline Rwigara n’umukobwa we, Diane Rwigara, na bo ntawe ubarusha ubututsi. Nyuma yo gusenya no guteza ibyabo cyamunara ififitse, ubu bajugunywe mu mva zidapfundikiye za FPR-Inkotanyi. Si abo gusa, kuko na Déo Mushayidi cyangwa Kizito Mihigo, na bo ntawe ubarusha ubututsi no kuba bari batoneshejwe n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR. Aba bose, kuzasohoka muri izo mva zidapfundikiye, ngira ngo bizaba aha Nyagasani!
Icya gatatu, kinakomeye ni uko n’abandi batutsi bataragerwaho, bitavuze ko badashaka ubutegetsi. Ntacyo umuntu yaba yibeshyeho, aramutse yemeje ko abarwanye intambara n’abasiviri bagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubohoza u Rwanda, batishimiye ko umuntu umwe rukumbi (Paul Kagame), yiyitirira u Rwanda n’ibirurimo byose: umutungo n’ubundi buzima bwose bw’igihugu. Aba na bo, nibwira ko bashaka kumusimbura ku butegetsi bityo, ibyubahiro by’iyi si Kagame yabambuye, na bo bikabageraho.
Amatora aramutse adafifitse, aba na bo baba muri benshi biyamamaza, kandi bashobora gutorwa na ya moko yombi yarambiwe ubwikanyize bw’umuntu umwe mu byiza byose by’igihugu. Ngicyo igituma ubutegetsi bwa FPR na Kagame ubwe batinya gushyiraho amatora aciye mu mucyo, haba mu nzego z’ibanze kugeza kuri perezida wa repubulika.
Umuti ni uwuhe?
Ubutegetsi nk’ubu, budafite na busa ubushake bwo gufungura amarembo ya demukarasi, bukurwaho n’uruhembe rw’umuheto. Ni uko byagenze ubwo MRND na Habyarimana wayo bari bamaze kwigomeka kuri rubanda. Iyo ingabo za APR zidafata umuheto, u Rwanda ruba rukiri mu bucakara bw’abakiga, bari bamaze kurugira agatobero. Inzira ya nyayo yo gukira ubundi bucakara bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, nta yindi uretse kuyirasaho, nk’uko na yo yabigenje ubwo yarasaga urufaya ku butegetsi bwa MRND-CDR.
Ibi kubivugisha amatama yombi, FPR ibirema mo icyaha, nyamara intwari ni izo ziziyemeza ari nyinshi gukora icyo cyaha, mu by’ukuri kitari n’icyaha, kuko iyo kiba icyaha abayobozi ba FPR-Inkotanyi na bo baba baragikurikiranyweho, bakanagihanirwa.
Nta cyaha kibaho iyo abacyitirirwa cyangwa abakiregwa, bari mu mugambi wo kubohoza rubanda yazahajwe n’ubuja n’ubucakara mu gihugu cyayo. Intwari ni wowe, ni mwebwe, ni twese twibona mo ruriya Rwanda n’ubwiza bwa rwo. Ibindi ni amagambo.
