15/04/2020, Yanditswe na Niyizigihe I.
Ubwicanyi buvugwa muri iyi nyandiko ni ubwakozwe n’abasirikare ba FPR Inkotanyi n’abakada b’uwo mutwe, bukorerwa mu isoko rya Nyaruteja, mu Kagali ka Higiro, mu Murenge wa Nyanza, mu Karere ka Gisagara, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, ahahoze ari Komini Kigembe, taliki ya 13/7/1994. Kimwe n’ahandi mu gihugu (tuzagenda tugaruka ho uko tubishoboye) ubu bwicanyi ntabwo bwabaye ku bw’impanuka, ahubwo bwateguranywe amayeri menshi n’ubugome bukabije mu kwica no kurigisa imirambo.
Ubu buhamya ni ubw’abatangabuhamya banyuranye bacitse ku icumu ry’ubu bwicanyi. Bamwe babwiboneye n’amaso yabo kubera imirimo abicanyi babanje kubakoresha bateganya kubambura ubuzima nyuma y’igihe hanyauma bagira amahirwe baza kubasha kubacika ku bw’igitangaza cy’Imana, bashobora kurokoka kugira ngo bazabare iyi nkuru.
Kubera uburebure n’uburemere bw’ubu buhamya ubwanditsi bw’ikinyamakuru Umunyamakuru buhisemo kubagezaho igice cya mbere gusa, bukaba bubararikiye igice cya kabiri aho kizabageza ho uburyo i Nyaruteja babona inzira y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge.
Byose bisa n’ibyakozwe n’udutsiko twabyitoje, byaba ku gufatirana abantu ku munsi w’isoko risanzwe ryitabirwa n’abantu benshi, kongeraho andi mayeri atandukanye yo gushishikariza abantu benshi mu cyiswe inama yo mu isoko. Hano umuntu yakwibutsa ko ubwo buryo bwo gukoranyiriza hamwe abaturage bari bwicwe, ku bwinshi, ku buryo nta n’ugomba gusigara wo kubara inkuru, n’uburyo bunyuranye bwo kurigisa imirambo, cyangwa mu gusibanganya ibimenyetso by’ubwo bwicanyi, bwakozwe mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu cyose. Ni muri ayo marorerwa hakomotse imvugo yo kwitiranya “ukwitabira inama” no “kwitaba Imana”.
Ubwicanyi ntibwakozwe umunsi umwe gusa ngo burangire. Bwanakomeje gukorwa urusorongo, mu gihe gitandukanye, nyuma y’uko ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zimaze kwigarurira ako karere, kuva mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994. Ni uko imbaga itabarika y’abahutu, uhereye ku bajijutse, n’abandi bifashije, yishwe mu buryo bunyuranye, bukoranywe ubugome bwinshi no kwicwa urubozo. Si ubwicanyi kandi bwarobanuraga, kuko bwahitanye abasaza, abakecuru ndetse n’abana bato ntibarebewe izuba.
Ubwicanyi bwahitanye abitabiriye isoko kimwe n’abandi bakusanyirijwe mu cyiswe inama bakuwe mu masegiteri 4 asanzwe akikije iryo Soko rya Nyaruteja, ari yo Nyanza, Nyaruteja, Ruhororo na Karama. Kuri ubu ayo masegiteri yahinduriwe amazina n’imiterere, abarirwa ubu mu mirenge ya Nyanza na Kigembe.
Ubu bwicanyi kandi ntibwahitanye ba kavukire b’iyo mirenge gusa, bwanahitanye n’abandi benshi, bari barahahungiye, baturutse ahandi, bahunga ubwicanyi n’imirwano uko FPR yagendaga yigarurira ibice bitandukanye by’igihugu.
Kimwe n’ahandi hanyuranye, aho i Nyaruteja habanje kwibasirwa n’ubwicanyi bwahitanye abatutsi, mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, bishwe by’umwihariko n’Interahamweziganjemo abahutu, mu mazu y’ishuri ry’imyuga rya CERAI Nyaruteja bari bahungiyemo.
Iyi ngingo sinyitindaho, kuko inzego za Leta iriho ubu, zayanditseho mu buryo burambuye kandi n’Inkiko Gacaca zashyiriweho gucira imanza abakoze ubwo bwicanyi, ziyikusanyaho amakuru ahagije yashyizwe mu nyandiko. Ubu bwicanyi isi yose yamenye kandi yemeye, ntibugomba ariko kwibagiza ubundi bwakozwe n’ingabo za FPR kuva mu mwaka wa 1990 itangiza intambara kugeza muri 1994 bukorwa mu buryo ndengakamere, ndetse bukanakomeza mu myaka yakurikiyeho. Ukuri kuri ubwo bwicanyi kwakomeje kwirengagizwa nkana ndetse kuranahishirwa kugeza ubu. Mu busanzwe ni yo nzira yonyine ishoboka yo komora ibikomere by’imitima, no kubaka inzira ihamye y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu baturarwanda bose kimwe no kubaka ejo hazaza heza h’igihugu.
Ubu bwicanyi bwa RPF Inkotanyi, buracyari ukuri guhishe, bwagizwe ibanga ritamenwa, buba kirazira (tabou) mu kubuvugaho, mu rwego rwo gutesha agaciro abahutu bwahitanye n’ababuze ababo bwahinduye ibicibwa, ruvumwa, abicanyi, n’abadasigaranye agaciro mu gihugu cyabo. Bwahindutse kandi intwaro yo gucecekesha no kugirira nabi ugerageje kubwibutsa wese; buba gahunda ya politiki Leta yubakiyeho ubutegetsi bwayo, ari yo kwima ijambo burundu abatavuga rumwe na yo, kubabuza ubwisanzure mu mitekerereze, n’impamvu yo guhimbirwa icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo cyangwa ibindi byaha bisa na yo. Ni intwaro ya rutura yo kuniga demokarasi mu buryo bukomeye no gukumira impamvu iyo ariyo yose yo kubuhingutsa mu majwi no mu nyandiko.
Icyiswe inama y’i Nyaruteja
Ubu bwicanyi bwahitanye abahutu b’ingeri nyinshi, abakuru n’abato, abana, abagabo n’abagore, harokoka mbarwa. Ababurokotse bacishiriza ko bwahitaye abagera kuri 500. Uretse ubu bwakozwe mu kivunge, mu mezi kimwe no mu myaka yakurikiyeho abantu bakomeje kwicwa urusorongo. Abahutu batashoboye guhunga bakomeje kugenda bicwa n’abasirikare, abakada ba FPR kimwe n’abatutsi bamwe bihoreraga, mu cyo bitaga gutunga agatoki, bicirwa mu ngo zabo, mu mabohero bafungirwagamo, mu bigunda no mu mashyamba babaga bagiye kwihishamo. Muri ubwo bwicanyi hari n’abatutsi bamwe babuguyemo, babitiranyije n’abahutu cyangwa se habuze ubundi buryo bwo kubatandukanya n’abandi badateje amakenga abo bari kumwe. Hari na bamwe bishwe bitewe n’amasano basanze bafitanye n’abahutu, hagamijwe gusibanganya ibimenyetso, kugira ngo hatagira uwabibonye urokoka akazavaho abara iyo inkuru, aka ya mvugo ko “nta wabibonye n’umwe ugomba kurokoka”, mumvugo y’ururimi rw’igifaransa wagira uti: “aucun témoin ne doit survivre”.
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe ku mbuga y’isoko rwagati, no mu byumba by’amazu atandukanye yari yahinduwe amabagiro y’abantu: inzu mberabyombi ya Komini Kigembe, iy’Urukiko rwa Kanto, inzu isanzwe y’imfungwa (Cachot) ya Komini, mu rusengero rw’Aba Pentekositi b’i Nyaruteja, n’ahandi. Hari n’abiciwe mu mazu y’abantu ku giti cyabo, ahantu hatandukanye, nk’ahitwa kwa Sezirahiga, kwa Nyakayiro, kwa Murokore, n’ahandi.
Abakoze ubwicanyi n’aho bwakorewe
Nk’uko byemezwa na bake barokotse ubwo bwicanyi, abasirikare baje kwica baturutse mu gace ka Nyakare, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyaruguru. Aha na ho muri ayo mataliki, hiciwe abaturage b’inzirakarengane batabarika, mu dusantere tw’ubucuruzi no mu bigo by’amashuri ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturage. Umwihariko wundi waho wanabaye uwo gushorerwa kw’abaturage, cyane cyane abegereye umuhanda munini wa kaburimbo uhuza u Rwanda n’u Burundi, ku mupaka wa Kanyaru Haut, bajya kwicirwa i Butare, mu mugi wa Huye ubungubu. Iby’ubu bwicanyi bizavugwa mu buryo burambuye mu zindi nyandiko. Mu buryo buvunaguye ariko bwakwibutswa muri aya magambo: abashorewe i Butare, biciwe mu bigo bitandukanye, cyane cyane icya Groupe Scolaire Officiel ya Butare, kinitwa Indatwa, Ishuri ry’Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ryitwa EAV (Ecole d’Agri-Véterinaire) Kabutare, Ikigo cya gisirikare, ESO (Ecole des Sous-Officiers), Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, UNR (Université Nationale du Rwanda) no mu Bitaro Bikuru byayo, aribyo CHB (Centre Hospitalier de Butare) , ubu yahindutse CHUB (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare) no muri INRS (Institut National de Recherche Scientifique) yaje guhinduka IRST (Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique). Bamwe muri abo bakoranyirijwe i Butare hari abiciwe kure, babanje kujonjorwa mu bandi hakoreshejwe buri gihe amayeri atandukanye: nko kubajyana kubaha imirimo, gupakurura imodoka zizanye ibiribwa, kubajyana mu gisirikare n’ibindi. Abataragiye muri ayo majonjora biciwe aho bari bari, maze mu rwego rwo kwikiza umwanda, batwikirwa ahantu hatandukanye mu mashyamba akikije ibyo bigo, cyane cyane irya Kabutare na Arboretum i Ruhande ndetse n’ahandi kure. Abandi batawe mu byobo rusange byacukuriwe iyo gahunda ndetse no mu misarane.
Tugarutse ku bwicanyi bwabereye i Nyaruteja, ikindi kigaragaza ubukana bwabwo ni umubare munini w’abasirikare babukoze. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko bazanywe n’amakamyo agera kuri 6, aturutse mu gace ka Nyakare. Uwayoboye ubwo bwicanyi ni umusirikare wari ukuriye icyo gihe ingabo muri ako gace, ubu ufite ipeti rya Jenerali, witwa Fred Ibingira.
Bavuga ko yari yarashinze ibirindiro (Head Quarter) mu kigo cy’Ubworozi cya leta cyitaga ku bworozi bw’amafi cya Rwabisemanyi, PPN (Projet Piscicole Nationale). Icyo kigo mbere ya 1994, cyari ikigo gikomeye, kikagira n’umwihariko wo guteza imbere umusaruro w’ubworozi muri guest house yasurwaga ku bwinshi, ikazimanira abayigana umuhore wa tilapia, uherekejwe no kwica akanyota. Icyo kigo nyuma cyaje kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo, ariko imikorere yacyo igenda ikendera kugeza gisenyutse burundu.
Uko ubwicanyi bwagenze
Abicanyi b’ingabo za APR bakusanyirije abantu mu isoko rwagati, imbere y’iduka ry’umucuruzi witwaga Rwagwa, ryari ryagoswe impande zose n’abasirikare benshi ba APR, bikoreye intwaro nk’abambariye urugamba.
Iryo gotwa n’abasirikare ryari rifite gahunda ubona yateguwe neza, nta kwibeshya na guke cyangwa guhubuka kurimo. Abo basirikare ba APR bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu:
– Igice cy’abitegeye aho bari bakoranyirije abantu, batunze imbunda abakoreshwaga icyiswe inama;
– Ikindi gice cyari kirinze ibyanzu (couloirs) byose biri hagati y’amazu yubatse isoko, bari bahagaze bateye umugongo abari bakoranyirijwe mu nama, basa n’abacunze umutekano w’inyuma y’isoko, ariko mu by’ukuri ari abategereje uwagerageza kwiruka ahunga ngo bamukurikize amasasu;
– Abari barinze imihanda nyabagendwa isohoka mu isoko bagamije gukumira abagerageza guhunga bose.
Abasirikari ba APR babicaje barambije, begeranye, basobekeranye amaguru, umwe ku wundi, ndetse uko bagendaga baba benshi, ni ko babahindaga babatsindagira kurushaho. Ubu ni uburyo FPR yakoresheje ahantu hose mu gihugu yakoresheje icyo yise inama, mu rwego rwo kubuza amahirwe yo kwinyagambura no gushobora guhunga abagambiriwe kwicwa. Muri uko kubatekesha amateke, bagendaga barobamo bamwe bamwe, bakabajyana ahandi ubutazagaruka.
Ijonjorwa n’iyicwa mu byiciro bitandukanye
Abaturage bitabiriye inama ku bwinshi, banyurwa n’ibiganiro, ndetse na nyuma yaho abasirikare ba APR bajya gushaka abandi no kuzana ku ngufu abatitabiriye inama. Ni muri icyo gihe bafashe uwitwa Yohani Nepomuseni Murwanashyaka ku Murehe (Karama), wari umugoronomi wize kaminuza, bamwizeza umwanya w’ubuyobozi, kimwe n’abandi bigaragara ko bajijutse.
Abasirikari ba APR batangiye icyiswe inama babaganiriza neza, n’umutima wuzuye uburyarya, babizeza ko bo ari beza ko batandukanye cyane n’abicanyi bababanjirije.
Nyuma y’igihe byaje guhinduka, batangira kubiyenzaho bababaza abicanyi, ababaye abasirikare cyangwa abayobozi babarimo; bigeza n’ubwo baberurira ko baguma hamwe, kuko ugerageza guhaguruka bahita bamurasa.
Icyo gihe cyakurikiwe no kubajonjora, bahereye ku bo bakeka bafite imbaraga zo kubarwanya cyangwa izo kwiruka bahunga. Bababazaga ibibazo biteye bitya: “Nimutwereke interahamwe zibarimo”, “Nimutwereke abari abasirikare cyangwa abapolisi”! Abo babashije kwerekana babakuye mu bandi bahita babica ako kanya.
Ijonjora ryarakomeje, bahera ku bagabo n’abasore bafite imbaraga, uwo bakozeho, bakamuhagurutsa, bakamujyana ku ruhande, bakamubohera amaboko inyuma, bamara kugwira itsinda ry’abantu nka 10 kugeza kuri 15, bagashorera, bavuga ko hari ibyo bagiye kubabariza mu biro bya Komini. Abo bose bagendaga, urwabo rwabaga rukaswe ubwo, bakagenda ubutazagaruka, bigakomeza gutyo gutyo no ku bandi. Abo bose bajyanywe, nta we uzi neza uko byabagendekeye. Ibyerekeranye n’ibazwa ryabo kwari ukubica urubozo, kugeza bashizemo umwuka.
Bamaze kumaramo ab’imbaraga, hasigaye abagore, abana n’abandi bafite intege nkeya. Abongabo bo ntibigeze babashorera ngo babajyane kure. Babakubitiye udufuni aho ku kibuga bari bicajwe, barabarangiza. Ibyari inama bihinduka ukwitaba Imana ubwo.
Urupfu rw’abo twibuka amazina
Yohani Nepomuseni Murwanashyaka, yari umukozi wa ONG i Kigali, hamwe n’abo bari kumwe barimo Emmanuel Niyongira, wari diregiteri w’Amashuri Abanza, bo ntibigeze banyuzwa muri iyo nama, kabone n’ubwo banyujijwe hafi yayo. Abarokotse iyo nama bahamya ko bashorewe babohewe amaboko inyuma mu mugongo, bakuwe mu gace kari kure gato y’i Nyaruteja, kitwa ku Murehe, muri Segiteri ya Karama. Amakuru avuga ko bari bagerageje guhungira i Burundi bagana icyerekezo cya Gikore gitandukanye n’aho Nyaruteja iherereye, ariko baza gusubizwa inyuma noneho babashorera baberekeza i Nyaruteja hari n’icyicaro cya Komini Kigembe, babizeza ko bakenewe nk’abantu bajijutse bakenewe mu myanya y’ubuyobozi bushya bw’igihugu. Iyo myanya ntibayihawe, ahubwo bahise babagemurira urupfu ako kanya. Bashobora kuba bariciwe mu cyumba cy’urukiko rwa Kanto rwa Komini.
Abandi bari bafashwe muri iryo tsinda ry’abajijutse ni aba bakurikira: Venusiti Iyakaremye, wari umukozi wa Electrogaz i Butare (Ikigo cya Leta gitanga amazi n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi); Fawusitini, bahimbaga Murokore, wari umucuruzi, hamwe n’umuhungu we; umuhungu wa Sitaratoni Nzabonimana, wari umucuruzi, n’umugore we Ntasoni n’umwana muto yari ahetse; n’abandi benshi abatangabuhamya batibutse amazina.
Hari n’abandi benshi bishwe icyo gihe, nk’uko byibukwa n’abatangabuhamya: Gallican Habimana, wari gafotozi, n’umuyobozi wa korali ya Paruwasi Higiro; Egide Muhoza w’i Nyaruteja, wari n’umukuru w’Abasuguti, wapfanye n’umuhungu we w’imfura na mwishywa we; Kasiro Selestini, wari umucuruzi n’umuvandimwe we Bagora; Fransisko Bagirubwira, wari umubaji (menuisier); Donati Sebazungu, wari ufite ubumuga bw’ukuguru; Dominiko Rukebesha w’i Nyaruteja; Innocent, umuhungu wa Iyamuremye bahimbaga Kirayi na Uwantege, w’umututsikazi; Martin Rutagengwa, umucuruzi wari ufite Restaurant, wakomokaga i Cyarwa, wari umututsi; Simoni Bwanzinyereri; Mariya Tereza Niyonagira, yari umuyobozi wa CCDFP hamwe n’abana be Eriki Baganineza na Anjelika Nyiraneza; Mariya Tereza Uwineza hamwe n’umwana we wa bucura Léa Nakure; umugore w’umuhutukazi wa Mbabariye w’umututsi wishwe mu kwa Kane n’interahamwe; Mukakarera, umukobwa wa Modesiti Munyankindi, w’umututsi, akaba n’umucuruzi, wari warishwe n’interahamwe hamwe na bamwe bo mu muryango we. Hari kandi na Diyoniziyo Hitimana, umuhinzi mworozi, Veronika Mukarugaryi, Yuliyani Kadandaza w’umudozi; Fawustini Rwigenera, yari umuvuzi w’ingoma kuri Paruwasi Higiro; umugore w’umusaza Petero Gikara, umwana we w’umuhungu wari ufite imyaka 13; uwo bahimbaga Manyoni wari utuye i Remera, afite n’akabari; n’abandi, n’abandi.
Ubwicanyi bwatangiye kuva ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zigeze muri ako karere, taliki ya 6 Nyakanga 1994. Uretse n’ubwicanyi bwabereye mu isoko mu buryo busa no gutsemba, hari n’ubwakorewe abantu benshi i Ruhororo, mu Gatabire, barimo abatwikiwe mu nzu y’Akabari ka Inosenti Sindaho. Muri bo turibuka umudamu wa Yohani Rusingizandekwe, wari Konseye wa Segiteri, akaba n’umukobwa wa Yohani Mugabowumwami, hamwe n’abana be.
Hari kandi ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Segiteri ya Nyanza; uwibukwa cyane wagaragaraga ni uwitwa Gisenyi, wari umucuruzi w’akabari k’urwagwa. Muri Selire Shyombo, Segiteri Karama, bwahitanye Benedigito Nzajyibwami, Klaveri Rukagana, Didasi Rwibuka n’umugore we Generoza Nyirandindiye. Babicishije udufuni mu rugo rwabo. Hari kandi umwana w’umuhungu wa Petero Rwibasira, n’uwa Ananiyasi Ntahontuye n’uwitwa Augustini.
Habayeho ndetse n’iyicwa ry’abarwayi bo mu mutwe: umwe w’umudamu, wakomokaga mu karere ka Nyakare, n’undi witwa Fransisko.
Irigiswa ry’imirambo
Nk’uko byagiye bikorwa ahantu hose, ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere abasirikare n’abakada ba FPR bakunze kubukorera aho interahamwe zabaga zariciye abatutsi mu mezi yabanje, kugira ngo ubwo bwicanyi bwose bazabuzigerekeho, nk’uko babicamo umugani ngo “Malheur aux vaincus”, bishatse kuvuga ngo “Byose bibazwa uwatsinzwe urugamba”. Imirambo y’abicwaga yashinyagurirwaga mu buryo bunyuranye.
Mu mwanya wo gushyingura abapfuye, ahubwo hakoreshejwe ugutwika imirambo hakoreshejwe ibiti, lisansi n’ibitunguru, mu rwego rwo kugabanya no gupfukirana umunuko, bajijisha ngo bumvikanishe impumuro y’inyama zokeje. Imirambo y’abiciwe mu byumba bya Komini Kigembe no mu mazu ayikikije, kimwe n’abiciwe mu isoko i Nyaruteja, yatwikiwe hafi y’aho babiciye, bose babatwitse mu buryo bumwe.
Abandi bishwe bagiye bajugunywa mu byobo, mu misarane, abandi batabitswe mu mirima n’ahandi hose babiciye ku buryo bose bitiriwe interahamwe. Hari n’abo barekaga mu gihe bataguye hafi y’umuhanda cyangwa ahantu nyabagendwa, barorera kubashyingura baribwa n’imbwa n’ibindi bisimba byo mu gasozi. Imana ibahe iruhuko ridashira, kandi twizere ko abagize uruhare mu kwica abo bantu, bazashyira bagakurikiranwa.
Birakwiye kandi ko buri wese agira uburenganzira bwo kwibuka abe bishwe cyangwa baburiwe irengero. Ni bwo buryo bwonyine buruhura imitima y’ababuze ababo bose, bakoroherwa no guhora bibaza irengero ry’ababo. Bibafasha kandi kwibagirwa iyo nabi y’ivangura rikabije, mu kwamburwa uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwo kuririra abawe bapfuye bazize inabi bakorewe cyangwa se baburiwe irengero. Bibabera kandi urukingo rubarinda kugira ngo na bo ubwabo iyo nabi itabarika mu mutima. Ni yo nzira y’ukuri y’ukubabarirana n’ubwiyunge.
(Biracyaza)
