14/10/2020, Yanditswe na Tharcisse Semana
Umunsi umwe, umugabo witwa «Panirije, soma mu gifaransa Panurge)» yafashwe n’umujinya hanyuma mu burakari bwe bwinshi afata intama imwe mu mukumbi w’izari mu rwuri ayijugunya mu ngeri y’inyanjya rwagati. Izindi zibonye ibibaye, ziherako zose ziroha mu nyanja zikurikiye mugenzi wazo. Panirije (Panurge) abonye ko umukumbi wose urimo gukinagira wiroha mu nyanja, agerageza gukora uko ashoboye ngo awukumire ariko biranga biba ibyo ubusa uramunanira, wose wiroha mu nyanja. Abonye ashobewe kandi umukumbi w’intama wose uriho usoma nkeri, yariteruye nawe ngo ‘‘dumburi’’, yiroha mu nyanja.
Kuri uyu mugani niho hava imvugo y’ikinyarwanda igira iti: «kanaka (nt)akurikira butama cyangwa (nt)agenda buhumyi nk’intama». Iyi mvugo shusho-ngiro cyangwa ncamarenga izwi mu rurimi rw’igifaransa nka expression «mouton de Panurge», ikaba ishatse kuvuga kuba «rukurikira izindi (inka cyangwa intama)»; gukora nk’uko abandi bakora utibaza impamvu n’akamaro/umumaro nyakuri ku ibyo ukora cyangwa abo bandi bakora: suivre instinctivement ce que fait le plus grand nombre et se fondre dans un mouvement collectif dominant sans exercer son esprit critique, sans faire donc aucunement preuve d’indépendance d’esprit.
Iyi mvugo shusho-ngiro cyangwa ncamarenga «gukurikira butama/kugenda no gukora ibintu buhumyi (nk’intama) – faire/suivre comme les “moutons de Panurge” – ni igishushanyo-mbonera cy’imiterere ya sosiyete (société) nyarwanda, cyane cyane mu byerekeye politiki. Mu mirongo ikurikira ngiye kuyifashisha mbagezeho ibyo maze imyaka nitegereza mu mikorere y’amashyaka ya politiki, cyane cyane abarizwa mu buhungiro.
Abanyarwanda mu bushishozi bwabo baravuga ngo «umugani ungana akari ho», ubundi bati «nta mugabo utinya ishyamba ahubwo atinya icyo bahuriyemo». Ibi nibyo bibaye kuri Rugeyo (Padri Thomas n’ishyaka rye Ishema) yari imaze igihe gito ikubise akazuru mu ntereke y’uruhira rw’indakare «Panirije (Panurge = Kayumba Nyamwasa na RNC ye).
Nyuma yo gukenguza, igatarabuka igakubita izuru mu uruhira rwa Panirije – aho yibwiraga ko urwuri rutoshye kandi ko Panairiji avuga ibigwi akivugira n’izo aragiye – ubu Rugeyo yisubiriye mu manga yayo, aho yisanzura ikitorora, ikivuga igataraka, igatama umubavu ureshya amasumba yakuranwa mu kuyisimbagiza no kuyisokoza umugara. Rugeyo n’izayo zose bazinutswe urwuri rwa «Panirije (Panurge)»!
Rugeyo mu mugara wayo iraberewe hamwe n’izayo zose. Guhunahuna mu nzuri z’abandi – cyane cyane aho ikenga ikanahakeka amababa – irabizinutswe burundu. Yiyemeje kurisha ubwo mu mibande n’inkuka yari isanzwe irisha mo. Yiyemeje kuburira n’izindi zatangiye ndetse n’izishyugumbwa kwerekeza izuru mu ntereke y’indakare «Panirije». Rugeyo igiye ahirengeye mu mpinga ivuza iya bahanda iburira iziyo n’iz’ino ko ishyamba tari ryeru; ko kwiroha mu bwato bwa «Panirije» ngo werekeze hakurya y’Ijwi nta kizere cy’uko ubwo bwato bwazagusohoza yo amahoro.
Rugeyo mu mugara wayo no mu bwema bwayo iratuye irivuga. Mu bikombe no hirya ya byo hose ijwi ryayo ririmo kurangurura rigira riti: mwitondere indakare Panirije.Rugeyo iritoroye maze si ukwitakuma igira iti: igihe nta buryo bufatika kandi bwumvikanywe ho na bose (nta gucengacengana) bwo gutsimbura Ruvuzo ruvusha amaraso, nta mpamvu nimwe yo gutomera ngo winjire mu bwato bw’indakare «Panirije». Kuri Rugeyo byose birasobanutse kandi birimo umucyo: imitekerereze n’imikorere ya «Panirije» iracyari imwe (ni 100%) n’iyo igisumizi-mpanga cye bafatanyije guhindura umuyonda Gakondo y‘abasokuruza.
Mu yandi magambo, Rugeyo iraburira uwibeshya wese ko «Panirije» ubusumizi bwe no kuvusha amaraso ak’impanga ye (ubu ibikomeje muri Gakondo y‘abasokuruza) bitaraba ifuni iheze; ko agafuni ke akikagendana, ko agakubita umwisumbukuruje ho cyangwa umwubahutse ngo aramubaza amabanga y’ibwami aho yarerewe n’ayo igisumizi-mpanga cye. Rugeyo ikuye agahu ku nnyo rwose. Ihisemo gukomeza kwivovotera mu nkunka z’iyo imahanga – ikumvwa cyangwa ntiyumvwe, ikayobokwa ikagwiza amasumba yayabura ikemera ikaba inkone – aho guhara ubwema bwayo ikurikiye intereke yo mu uruhira n’amasumba yo mu mukumbi wo kwa «Panirije». Mu yandi magambo, Rugeyo yanze kuba ingaruzwamuheto na «Rukurikirizindi». Itunze agatoki ibyo abenshi bakeka amababa Paniriji: kuba indakare no kuba umushumba wa ba «mpatsibihugu». Ikiraro (urutindo) cyo kwa Paniriji kibuze umwubatsi w’ibigango n’umusore w’intarumikwa Rugeyo. Rugeyo iranze ibaye rugeyo kandi kwinyara mu isunzu ntibiri hafi. Itumije imyirongi yo gukoronga ngo isi yose yumve kandi imenye ko gukomeza kurorongotana winjira buhumyi mu bwato bw’indakare «Panirije» atari gusa ukwiyahura ahubwo ko ari no kugambanira Gakondo y’abasokuruza. Rugeyo ahuruje amahanga, arahuta arahutera agamije kwerekana ko indakare «Panirije» aniga izo aragiye/aragijwe; izimunyuze mumyanya y’intoki akazitega ejo hazaza naho izimuyobotse akazikoresha uko ashaka, icyo ashaka n’igihe ashakiye. Rugeyo yabishe!
Nyuma y’uyu mwinjiriro (Prélude), ubu noneho ngiye kugerageza gucengera aya mabanga ya politiki – imigambi n’ibyifuzo by‘indakare «Panirije» n’ukurunguruka mu rwuri rwa «Panirije» kwa Rugeyo – nkoresheje uyu mugani mvamahanga w’«intama za Panirije – « mouton de Panurge».
Panirije, indakare ifite aho ibivana…
Habayeho umugabo witwa Panirije (soma mu gifaransa ‘‘Panurge’’) akurira imahanga, ahabwa ibyangombwa bya ho, ariga araminuza, aratona aratoneshwa akora n’imirimo itandukanye iyo imahanga; imirimo yamuhaye kuba ikirangirire mu ngabo z’umwami.
Ukumenyekana kwa Panirije kwamuhaye kuzenguruka isi yose, kuganira no kumenyana n’ibihangange bitagira ingano. Haba mu bihugu bya kure cyane iyo imahanga, iyo kumpero z’isi, aho izuba rituruka, aho ijoro ribyara umunsi, aho imigani ifite isoko; nta nahamwe atakandagiye cyangwa ngo aharare. Yaragenze ngo wongere uvuge ngo yagenze… Ku isi hose ntaho atageze, hamwe ndetse yamazeyo imyaka n’imyaniko yiga cyangwa yihugura mu by’imirimo itandukanye harimo n’ubusumizi. Iyo imahanga yabaye umutoni mu batoni, asangira kandi yicarana inshuro zitabarika n’ibikomerezwa n’ibikomangoma utabara cyangwa ngo ubarure.
I bwami (mu ihanga ryamimitse rikamwikakaza kugeza amenyekanye hirya no hino) yahabaye umutoni bitangaje kubera kwitanga no gukora yivuye inyuma ibibi n’imyiza, ibyo abwirijwe n’ibyo nawe yibwirije (ibibi n’ibyiza) abona bishimisha shebuja. Yaririye arimara, akora atikoresheje, arapfa rapfuka ngo abe uwo ariwe: Umutoni mu ihanga yakuriye mo akanarikorera, igisumizi rurangiranwa kizwi ku isi hose na bose, aboroheje n’abakomeye.
N’ubwo ariko Panirije yari yubashywe iyo imahanga, yahoranaga intimba yo kwitwa umunyamahanga, agahora yifuza kugaruka iwabo ku ivuko. Izo nzozi yari azisangiye n’abandi batari bake. Muri abo harimo impanga ye bari bafatanyije imirimo y’ubusumizi i bwami. Inzozi za Panirije n’iyo mpanga ye, zari mbere na mbere kuzaba ababiri bibona mo umwe (umwungeri) mu urwuri rwuzuye inka gusa gusa n’umukumbi (ishyo) w’intama. Izi mpanga rero zirambiwe indoro y’umwaga, zabatuye uruhembe rw’umuheto zishyira imbere abana n’abasaza zari zisangiye nabo igitekerezo cyo gusubira mu gihugu cy’amavuko, zibumvisha impamvu yo kuzifasha no kuziha imisanzu n’ibibondo bitabarika ngo bashoze urugamba rugamije kubacyura muri Gakondo y’abasekuruza babo. Panirije n’impanga ye amahirwe yarabasekeye bumwa vuba, bagaba ibitero batsinda urugamba. Nyuma yo gutsinda urugamba no gufata ubutegetsi, bigaruriye imitungo n’ibintu bitabarika by’abahunze imirwano, ubundi ababarokotse babafata bugwate na bunyago, babumvisha ko aribo bakesha ubuzima ; kuramba no kuramuka.
Inzozi za Panirije n’iyo mpanga ye zabaye izo akanya gato, kuko bitateye kabiri Panirije agakubitwa inkonji mu gahanga n’iyo mpanga ye, agasesera akanyura mu cyanzu, yagera hafi mu nkike y’urugo akububa bujura agakizwa n’amaguru akiruhutsa ageze ishyanga aho yakuriye. Abo yari yaracuje utwabo n’abo babanaga imahanga bagatahana yari yarijeje ibitangaza basigaye baririra mu myotsi abandi bagize amahirwe babona bavuye mu nzara z’igisumizi Panirije yabateje, abizeza igihugu cy’amata n’ubuki.
Iyo imahanga mu buhungiro, Panirije yarahageze yiga imitwe yo nkwinjirira no kwigarurira abari baramurokotse bakamuhunga we n’impanga ye; aba nabo kubera kunyurwa manuma no kurambirwa ubuzima bubi bw’ubuhungiro n’incuro za buri munsi z’abanyamahanga, bakuyemo imikenyero n’imyeko basasa ibishura byabo, begurira imitima yabo na roho zabo Panirije kurusha uko biyeguriye umwami w’abami Yez(s)u Krisitu. Nyuma y’imyaka 16 abari barakomeje kwishisha no kwitaza urucundura rwa Panirije barashyizwe barugwamo nkisazi ziguye mu mushongi w’ubuki. Bamwe muri abo, ubu barimo kugerageza kwigobotora urucundura ureste ko tutaramenya niba bizabagwa amahoro. Ubahaye umwitangirizwa ni Rugeyo n’izayo. Niba ugirango ndabeshya kanda hano hasi ufungure inyandiko Rugeyo we ubwe yoherereje abibeshyaga kuri Panirije. Fungura wihere ijisho, ejo utazava aho ugirango ibyo mvuga n’ibihuha cyangwa amazimwe
Ivugo: «Kanaka (nt)akurikira butama, (nt)agenda buhumyi nk’intama»….
Iyi mvogo shusho-ngiro cyangwa ncamarenga «gukurikira butama/kugenda no gukora ibintu buhumyi (nk’intama) – faire/suivre comme les “moutons de Panurge” biragoye kumenya neza niba ikomoka muri gakondo w’abanyarwanda (tradition rwandaise) cyangwa y’abafransa. Kugeza ubu ntawakwihandagaza ngo avuge ko ari abanyarwanda cyangwa se abafransa n’abandi bahuriye kuri uru rurimi rw’igifransa baba baratangije gukoresha mbere y’abandi iyi mvugo shusho-ngiro. Ikizwi cyakora kandi kidashidikanwa ho, ni uko mu bakoresha ururimi rw’gifaransa bemeza ko iyi mvugo shusho-ngiro cyangwa ncamarenga « moutons de Panurge » yaba yarakoreshejwe ku buryo bw’inyandiko bwa mbere mu mwaka w’1552 n’umwanditsi w’Umufransa rurangiranwa witwa François Rabelais. Icyo uyu mwanditsi, François Rabelais, yashakaga kugaragaza mu nyandiko ye ikoreha amashusho-mitekerereze y’abantu ni uko Panirije (Panurge) ari indakare ititaye k’umukumbi w’intama aragiye; ko n’umukumbi aragiye nawo ukurikira buhumyi ibyo uziragiye azibwiye cyangwa icyo umwe muri barugaragara mu izo imbere yemeze, kabone n’iyo cyaba atari cyiza. Ku mwanditsi François Rabelais, Panirije (Panurge) ni indakare ititaye k’umukumbi w’intama iragiye !
François Rabelais yabayeho koko? Yabayeho ryari, hehe, gute?
Uyu mwanditsi rurangiranwa François Rabelais bivugwa ko yari uwihayimana wo mu muryango w’abamonaki (ordre monastique): François Rabelais bivugwa ko yinjiye mu bamonaki b’Abafransisikani (ordre des Franciscains) mu mwaka w’1511 nyuma aho yagiye aba hose mu guce dutandukanye aho uwo muryango wari ugabye amashami mu Ubufransa akaba yaragiye arangwa no gushyiraho amatsinda y’abasore b’abihayimana bashishikajwe no gucengera no gucengeza mu bantu (b’aho bari bari) uburyo bwo gutekereza no gushungura butandukanye n’imyigishirize y’imitekerereze y’imyumvire y’ibyariho icyo gihe. Mu mwaka w’1523, bivugwa ko Kaminuza nkuru y’i Paris izwi ku izina rya Sorbonne yabujije abantu kwiga ururimi rw’ikigereki (interdiction de l’étude du grec) hanyuma itsinda ry’iyo myumvire mishya ryari ribishishikayemo rikameneshwa naho Rabelais we agahungira mu bamonaki b’ababenedigitine ahitwa Maillezais (ordre des Bénédictins de Maillezais). Bivugwa ko yaba yarahinduye umuryango akaba umumonaki w’umubenedigitine. Bivugwa kandi ko yakoresheje iyi imvugo agamije gutunga agatoki ubuyobozi bukuru cyane cyane ubwo Kiliziya yatotezaga ikanapfyinagazaga abadatekereza cyangwa ngo babone ibintu mu murongo wa yo.
Twibaze kandi tubaze…
Aho uyu mugeri Rugeyo iteye indakare «Panirije (Panurge)» uzayigwa amahoro? Umukumbi w’intama zari zimaze kwemera gucisha make; zari zitangiye gushoka uruhire, aho, aho bukera zo ntiziribwiyame ikibu cyo muri uru rwuri rwa «Panirije (Panurge)»? Aho indakare «Panirije (Panurge)» ntiyaba igiye kongera gusubiza amerwe mu isaho?
Ko imikumbi y’intama ikomeje gutoroka ikiraro n’urwuri rw’iyi ndakare «Panirije (Panurge)», aho aho bukera yo ntiva kwizima ikareka gushakira amata n’amavuta aho bitari?! Ko benshi mu abari bayitezeho ibitangaza bakomeje kugwa mu gahundwe aho, aho bukera isi ntimugwa hejuru? Aho, aho bukera ikizere cy’urutindo rwa «Panirije (Panurge)» ntikiraza amasinde? Aho aho bukera amavuta ntaba amasabano?! Tubitege amaso.
