21/06/2017, yanditswe na Tharcisse Semana
Usesenguye neza amateka y’u Rwanda – kuva mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu ukagenda ukagera mu myaka ya za 1959 kugeza magingo aya – usanga guhererekanya ubutegetsi binyuze mu nzira y’amahoro n’ubwumvikane (consensus) cyangwa se mu mishyikirano (dialogue) bikiri kure cyane nk’ukwezi mu Rwanda. Mu nama mpuzamahanga yabereye i «Genève» ho mu Busuwisi kuri uyu wa mbere, tariki ya 19 z’uku kwezi kwa gatandatu 2017, ku kibazo cy’ivanywaho ry’ubuhunzi burundu ku banyarwanda bahunze igihugu guhera mu mwaka w’1959 kugeze mu uw’1998, abari bayiteraniyemo bagarutse cyane kuri icyo kibazo; bemeranywa ko irari ry’ubutegetsi no kubugeraho hakoreshejwe inzira z’ubusamo n’uburiganya ariyo ntandaro n’ipfundo ry’ikibazo cy’impunzi/ubuhunzi kimaze kuba agatereranzamba n’ihurizo rikomeye muri politiki y’u Rwanda.
Nk’uko twabibandikiye mu nyandiko y’integuza y’ubushize, iyi nama yateguwe n’itsinda rya CSPR ku bufatanye n’ikigo CIRID. Kanda aha hasi hakurikira wongere ureba iyo nyandiko, ingingo eshatu nkuru nkuru yizeho n’icyo CSPR na CIRID bisobanuye.
»Genève » mu Busuwisi: Inama mpuzamahanga ku kibazo cy’impunzi z’abanyarwanda
Iyi nama y’i Genève ku kibazo cy’impunzi, yitabiriwe n’abantu barenga ho gato mirongo itanu twashyize mu byiciro mu nzego se enye zikurikira : abanyapolitiki batandukanye (leaders des partis politiques et diplomates des Mission respectivement de leurs pays auprès de l’ONU), abashakashatsi, ababarizwa mu miryango idaharanira inyungu kandi itegamiye no kuri Leta iyo ariyo yose, ahubwo baharanira ukwishyira ukizana n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa-Muntu muri rusange (militants des droits de l’homme) na rubanda rwa giseseka.
Bamwe mu abanyapolitiki batandukanye b’amashyaka akorera hirya no hino mu bihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika twashoboye kwibonera twavuga nka Padiri Nahimana Thomas w’ishyaka ISHEMA akaba kandi na perezida wa Leta y’U Rwanda yishyiriyeho ikorera mu buhungiro, Madamu Immaculée Kansiime bafatanyije muri iyo Leta akaba anayishinzwe mo Minisitiri y’ububanyi n’amahanga, Jenerali BEM Habyarimana Emmanuel uyobora ishyaka Partenariat-Intari, Gervais Condo wo muri RNC (umuhuzabikorwa – 2ème coordinateur – igice cya Kayumba Nyamwasa) na Ndereyehe Charles wo muri FDU-Inkingi.
Imwe mu miryango itandukanye iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa-Muntu twashoboye kubona ni DIRHI (Dialogue inter-Rwandaisb hautement inclusif), Association Seth Sendashonga, Communauté rwandaise de Lyon, CRES (Collectif des Rwandais exilés en Suisse), COVIGLA (Collectif des victimes des grands lacs).
Iyi nama y’i Geneve, yakoze isesengura ry’ikibazo cy’impunzi igendey mu ndorerwamo y’isimburana ry’ubutegetsi mu miyoborere y’u Rwanda. Yasanze iki kibazo, guhera mu myaka ya za 1959 kugeza magingo aya, cyaragiye kititabwaho uko bikwiye maze bityo bigatuma kiba «Rwiziringa» n’agatereranzamba mu ruhererekane rw’abayoboye u Rwanda bose. Inama isanga kandi kuva icyo gihe kugeza magingo aya, cyagabaye ihurizo rikomereye ku banyapolitiki kavukire (abanyarwanda ubwabo); naho ku abanyamahanga kikaba cyarabaye inshoberamahanga.
Mu gusesengura ingingo ifite umutwe ugira uti: ”amavu n’amavuko cyangwa se inkomoko y’ikibazo cy’impunzi z’abanyarwanda guhera muri 1959 ku geza magingo aya » (origines du phénomène Réfugiés Rwandais de 1959 à nos jours), umwalimu muri zakaminuza i Paris , Andereya Gichaoua, akaba kandi n’umushakashatsi kabuhariwe umaze gusohora ibitabo bitandukanye ku karere k’ibiyaga b’Akrika, yerekana ko ikibazo cy’ubuhunzi gishingiye cyane cyane ku miterere y’ubutegetsi uko bwagiye busimburana mu Rwanda.
Ibumoso ujya uburyo: André Gichaoua na Gervais Condo.
Yibanda cyane ku kibazo cy’impunzi zo mu myaka ya 1959, yerekanye ko n’ubwo kubonera igisubizo iki kibazo byakorwaga biguuntege, yerekanye ko ariko ubutegetsi bwariho (Leta ya Habyarimana) bwari bwarumvise neza ko ntakundi byagenda mu gukemura iki kibazo uretse kugirana imishyikirano n’ibiganiro n’izo mpunzi.
Yakomeje agira ati: « byanze bikunze byari gutinda ariko iki kibazo cyari mu nzira nziza z’uko gikemurwa mu mhoro n’ibiganiro». Yerekanye ko iki kibazo kimaze kuba ingutu ko kandi nkimwe n’ingoma ya Habyarimana, ntahandi umuti wacyo uri uretse ibiganiro bya bugufi kandi bitaziguye. Aha yatanze urugero avuga uko Leta ya Habyarimana bitewe no kotswa igitutu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, wenda iyo Habyarimana yari gushira akitabiriye rimwe na rimwe inama zerekeranye n’iki kibazo.
Mu gusesengura ingingo ya kabiri muzari ziteganijwe igira iti: «kibazo ryo gutahuka k’ubushake kw’impunzi z’abanyarwanda » (obstacles au rapatriement volontaire massif des réfugiés Rwandais) ambasaderi Ndagijimana we yagaragaje ko inzira ikiri ndende ngo impunzi nzibone uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo gutaha cyangwa se kwigumira mu bihugu barimo. Yerekanye ko zimwe mu nzitizi zituma impunzi zidataha cyangwa ngo zirote gutaha mu Rwanda ku bwende bwazo, ari ukubera ibikorwa by’ubwicnyi, ihohoterwa no gusgarirwa kw’abantu bikorwa na polisi ibitijwemo umurindi n’uyoboye igihugu (Paul Kagame).
Ibumoso ujya uburyo: Ambassaderi J.M Ndagijimana na Gervais Condo
Yagarutse kandi ku myitwarire idahwitse y’abayobozi n’imvugo za bamwe muri bo zihembera amacakubiri no kuniga itangazamakuru. Yerekanye ko ibyo nabyo ari imwe mu mpamvu impunzi zanga gutaho iwabo ku bwende bwazo.
Madamu Nikuze Sendashonga we yavuze ku ngingo igira iti: «ingorane zo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo rusange ku bibazo by’impunzi z’abanyarwanda » (Difficultés liées à la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie globale relative à la situation des réfugiés Rwandais). Yahereye ku byamubayeho we ubwe bwite maze yerekana ko guhiga bukware impunzi wivugana zimwe mu izo utekereza ko zikurwanya, hanyuma ukarenga ukazisaba gutaha ari imwe mu mpamvu umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku mpunzi ujya wirengagiza nkana cyangwa se udasesengura uko bikwiye ngo ubune gufata ibyemezo bibereye kandi byita ku burenganzira n’ubushake bw’impunzi. Yerekanye ko kugira imvugo n’indimi ebyeri kw’abari kubutegetsi (guhiga bukware, kurigisa no kurigisa abantu…hanyuma ukarengaho uguhamagarira impunzi gutaha) biri muri bimwe bidahumuriza impunzi…
Ibumoso ujya uburyo: Madamu Nikuze Sendashonga na Gervais Condo
Nyuma y’ibiganiro-mpaka, hafashwe imyanzuro (recommandations) igomba gushyikirizwa Leta y’U Rwanda, Umuryango w’abibumye (ONU) n’ishami ryawo ryita ku mpunzi (HCR) na bimwe mu bihugu biter inkunga u Rwanda. Imwe muri iyo myanzuro harimo kubungabunga umutekano w’impunzi no kwirinda kuzihutaza, kugenzura niba ko ko mu Rwanda hari ubwisanzure n’umutekano uhagije byatuma impunzi zoherezwa i wabo n’ibindi n’ibindi….
Agashya nahabonye ni uko mu gihe cyo gufata imyanzuro hashingiwe kubyaganiriweho n’impaka ku biganiro, abari bahagarariye Leta y’u Rwanda aribo Jemes Ngango(umunjyanama wa mbere muri ambassade – premier conseiller – i Geneve), Bizumuremyi Edouald (ushinzwe iby’ubukungu – attaché commercial: investissement et promotion – Wto, UNCTAD, ITC) na Madame Eliane Nzabahimana (premier secrétaire) bikubise bagasohoka bakavuga ko batafata cyangwa ngo bashyigikire imyanzuro itari mu cyerekezo kimwe n’inzego za Leta bahagarariye.
Mbegereye ngo mbabaze ko twakorana ikiganiro gito ku buryo babonye imigendekere y’inama, bambwiye ko batari batumiwe mu nama; ngo bityo rero ntibagira icyo badutangariza k’uko babonye inama yagenze kuko ngo baje nk’indorerezi bivuze ko ngo bataje mu izina ry’inzego za Leta y’U Rwanda bahagarariye i Genève.
Muri bicye ariko bashoboye kutubwira dukomeje kubashimuza ni uko bashima ko inama yabaye mu mutuzo nta guterana amagambo kabone ngo n’ubwo hari ibyo batemeranyaho n’abatanze ibiganiro.
Icyo twasorezaho ni ukwibaza uburyo iyi nshobera-mahanga y’ikibzo cy’impunzi n’ubuhunzi mu Rwanda izasobanurirwa abana bato bavuka ubu n’abazavuka ejo hazaza umunsi bazatubaza impamvu imyaka ihita indi igataha ariko usanga iki kibazo kiba ihurizo rikomeye muri politiki. Reka twizere ko wenda ejo cyangwa ejobundi twazabona abategetsi bashyira mu kuri kandi bashyize imbere ineza n’amahoro by’abanyarwanda aho gushyira imbere ibifu byabo n’irari ry’ibyubahiro n’ubutegetsi
Incamake y’inkuru mu buryo bw’abashusho
