10/07/2023, Yanditswe na Amiel Nkuliza
Turi ku wa kane nyakanga 1994. Kuri bamwe, iyi ni italiki mbi yabayeho mu mateka y’igihugu cyacu, ikaba na nziza ku bandi bakiyigamba uyu munsi. Abafata iyi taliki benshi nk’ikibi cyose, ni abari mu gihugu kiriya gihe, ubwo cyahuraga n’akaga. Ni abari batekanye, noneho bakaza kwisanga bakwiriye imishwaro, bataye ibyabo, bikigabizwa n’abatarabiruhiye. Abatarishimiye iyi taliki barimo n’abandi bagerageje guhunguka, bagerageza kugaruka mu byabo, bakabizira, bamwe bakicwa, abandi bakaburirwa irengero, abandi muri abo bakaruhukira mu magereza. Na n’ubu.
Turi na none taliki ya 04 nyakanga 2023. Tugarutse kuri ya taliki y’akaga, italiki ngarukamwaka ba bandi barangwa n’ikibi, ikibi cyo kwica no kwigabiza ibya rubanda, batigeze batezukaho. Umukuru w’igihugu w’uyu munsi, bwana Paul Kagame, kuri iyo taliki, yongeye gutoneka ba bandi bamurokotse muri nyakanga 1994, atangaza ko intambara yashoje mbere y’uko afashe ubutegetsi, ariho igitangira.
Ati: «Amateka twibuka ku ya 04 nyakanga, yanditswe mu maraso. Ntashobora rero gusibwa n’amateka yanditswe n’ikaramu ya wino, cyeretse mubyemeye».
Ni ba nde Paul Kagame ahatira kwemera ibyo ashaka ko bibaho?
Ubu butumwa (message) rutwitsi bwa perezida Kagame, ntibusaba ubwenge bwinshi bwo kubwumva no kubusesengura. Ni ubutumwa busaba rubanda, rugifite imbaraga zo kurwana, kongera guhaguruka, rukarwana intambara rudafite mo inyungu. Ni intambara Kagame arimo gushoza bundi bushya, intambara yo kumugumisha ku butegetsi, dore ko bigaragara ko ageraniwe. Amahanga yaramuhagurukiye: yasabwe kenshi koroshya ingoyi akiziritseho abanyarwanda, kurekura imfungwa za politiki (Déo Mushayi, abanyamakuru b’inzirakarengane bavugiraga rubanda aribo Cyuma Dieudonné, Nsengimana Théoneste n’izindi mfungwa z’inzirakarengane), gufungura urubuga rwa demukarasi, rushingiye kuri politiki y’amashyaka menshi, kuvugana n’abatavuga rumwe na we. Ibi byose yarabigaramye, ku buryo iturufu asigaranye ari imwe rukumbi: kongera gushoza intambara zimara abantu, zishingiye ku nyungu ze bwite, inyungu zizatuma agwa ku butegetsi.
«Amateka twibuka ku ya 04 nyakanga, yanditswe mu maraso. Ntashobora rero gusibwa n’amateka yanditswe n’ikaramu ya wino». Aya magambo ya Paul Kagame ateye ubwoba n’agahinda. Ni amagambo, mu by’ukuri atari akwiye kuvugwa n’umukuru w’igihugu, ufite ubwenge butekereza neza. Abanyarwanda muri rusange, n’ubundi twari dusanzwe tuzi ko amateka Kagame yubatse, yayubatse anyuze mu kumena amaraso. Aramutse ari umuntu muzima, ntiyagombye kuyasubira mo, ntiyagombye kwibutsa amaraso abanyarwanda bamennye, kugira ngo bamutereke ku butegetsi, cyane ko ari amagambo ashinyagurira abamuhaye ubwo butegetsi.
Paul Kagame, mbere yo kuvuga aya magambo, yagombye kubanza gusuzuma neza niba abamurwaniriye, bakamuha ubutegetsi, hari icyo yabamariye. Azi neza ko abenshi muri bo yabamenesheje, bamwe arabica, abandi arabafunga. Paul Kagame azi neza ko abandi ahamagarira kumurwanirira kugirango akomeze yicare ku ntebe ariho uyu munsi, bagizwe n’imiryango y’abo yishe, yafungiye ubusa, yahejeje i Shyanga. Abo bantu asaba kutemera amateka yanditswe n’ikaramu ya wino, akaba ashaka ko bongera kumurwanirira, arakeka ko bazakora ibyo bashingiye kuki yabagejejeho?
Nk’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo, ni byo ashobora gushora abandi basirikari mu ntambara, ariko yagombye no gutekereza uburyo bazayirwana, niba badashobora kumuhindukirana, akaba ari we ahubwo bagabaho ibitero. Ibi birashoboka kubera ko muri iki gihe ubutegetsi bwa Leta ya Kongo buritegura gushoza intambara mu Rwanda. Bamwe mu basirikare b’u Rwanda, bitiriwe umutwe wa M23, batangiye gutorokera mu ngabo za Kongo, batorokanye n’ibikoresho, bigizwe n’intwaro za rutura. Aha ni ho mpera mvuga ko intambara Kagame arimo gushoza uyu munsi, adashobora kumenya uburyo azayitsinda, kuko si we n’abagize umuryango we bazayirwana. Abahamagarirwa kurwana intambara za Kagame, zimugumisha ku butegetsi, bagombye kuzireka kugira ngo zitazabagiraho ingaruka ubwo uwo barwaniriraga azaba amaze gushyikirizwa imanza, nka bagenzi be bamubanjirije bo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bya Afrika. Ingero ntizibuze, kuko na mugenzi we Habyarimana, ubwo yari mu marembera, yahamagariraga rubanda n’interahamwe ze kumurwanirira, kugeza ku wa nyuma. Iyo ntambara yayishoje nabi, ndetse n’abo yayishoye mo, uyu munsi bihishe mu miheno, kubera igisebo yabateje.
«Umunsi w’iya 04 nyakanga ni nk’ubunani. Ni umunsi wa mbere utanga ubuzima bw’igihugu…», Paul Kagame
Hari igihe umuyobozi amara igihe ku butegetsi, agakeka ko igihugu ayobora cyabaye ingarigari ye (chasse gardée), cyangwa iya se. Nta muyobozi wo mu bihugu, byaba ibikikije akarere k’u Rwanda cyangwa undi wo mu bindi bihugu bya Afrika, nigeze numvana amagambo nk’aya ya Kagame. Guhirika ubutegetsi binyuze mu buryo bwa gisirikari – «coups d’Etat» – bwagiye burangwa kenshi mu bihugu bya Afrika, bwabaga bumaze imyaka bushyizweho na rubanda, nyamara ababaga babufashe ku ngufu batinyaga gutangaza amagambo nk’ayangaya, kuko babaga bazi neza ko ashobora kuzabagiraho ingaruka zikomeye mu rugendo rwabo cyangwa mu hazaza habo ha politiki.
Aba babaga basanzwe bazi ko, mbere y’uko bahirika ubutegetsi, igihugu cyari gisanzwe kiriho, igihugu cyari gifite ibikorwa bya kijyambere: imihanda, ibitaro, ibendera, ibirangantego, itegekonshinga, ibibuga by’indege, inzego zose za Leta, n’iyo wenda zabaga zikora nabi. Muri iri jambo rya Kagame, n’iyo yakwiga make ashoboka, simbona impamvu n’imwe ya nyayo, yatuma avuga ko italiki ya 04 nyakanga 1994, kuri benshi ngo na we arimo, ariho u Rwanda ngo rwatangiye kwitwa u Rwanda.
Paul Kagame, urwo Rwanda avuga ko rwavutse ari uko arufashe ku ngufu muri 94, yaruvukiye mo. Ababyeyi be, abasekuru n’abasekuruza be baruvukiye mo. Ni u Rwanda rwa Gihanga rwahanzwe n’abakurambere bacu twese. None, uretse ko nta watinyuka kubimubaza ari mu gihugu ngo arokoke, ni gute atinyuka gutangaza aya magambo, niba atari umurwayi wo mu mutwe?
Isesengura ryanjye
Uwagerageza gusesengura ariya magambo yombi ya Paul Kagame: «Amateka twibuka ku ya 04 nyakanga yanditswe mu maraso, ntashobora gusibwa n’amateka y’ikaramu ya wino», «Umunsi w’italiki ya 04 nyakanga kuri benshi, na njye ndimo, ni umunsi w’ubunani, ni umunsi wa mbere utangira ubuzima bw’igihugu…», bitewe n’usesesengura, yabona igisubizo cya nyacyo: amateka ya Paul Kagame yaranzwe no kumena amaraso. Ubwo nari narahungiye ubutegetsi bwe muri Uganda, banyeretse aho yiciraga abantu, ahitwa Basima Road, Old Kampala, muri Uganda. Bivugwa ko, ubwo bwicanyi yagiye akora ubwo yari maneko mu buyobozi bukuru bwa Uganda, ari bwo bwatumye Perezida wa Uganda w’uyu munsi, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, amufasha guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, kugira ngo abone uko amwikiza. Ukwigamba rero ko amateka y’uwa 04 nyakanga yanditswe mu maraso, bisobanuye ko ari ukwivuga ibigwi (exploit) by’umwicanyi ruharwa, wivuruguse mu mivu y’amaraso ubuzima bwe bwose, ibi bikaba nta we byagombye gutangaza.
Kuba ayo mateka Paul Kagame avuga, ngo atagomba gusibwa n’ikaramu ya wino, ni bya bindi ngo usohotse uko ari ntabisekwa. Aya magambo, mu by’ukuri, yavugwa nk’umuntu nka Kagame wenyine, kuko ntabwo azi agaciro k’iyi karamu twandikisha. Iyo amenya neza ubwenge bw’iyi karamu, aba arimo kuzirikana ko byibura abamuteretse ku butegetsi, babanjirijwe n’abandikaga inyandiko – «documents» – zikomeye, bakazikwirakwiza amahanga, berekana ko ngo Habyarimana yabahejeje i Shyanga. Aya makaramu aba banyabwenge bandikishaga, ubwo yari amaze gushira mo za wino, Kagame azi neza ko ari bwo amahanga yahise yemera ko amakaramu arasa kure, Kagame ashyira imbere, noneho yatangira akazi kayo. Niba Paul Kagame atarimo guha agaciro abanyabwenge bakoresheje amakaramu, kugeza bamushyize ku butegetsi, aba ni bo na none bagombye kuyuzuza mo izindi wino kugirango babumwirukaneho. Ibi ariko, nkeka ko nta no kubishidikanyaho, kuko ibirimo gukorwa uyu munsi, ntawe utabibona, cyeretse udafite amaso. Ikindi twakwibutsa yirengagiza nkana cyangwa adashaka ko bamenya ngo kivugwe ni uko aya makaramu ya wino akerensa ariyo yanditse inyandiko – «documents» – zimushyira ku rutonde rw’abagomba gukurikiranwaho ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi yakoreye abanyarwanda no muri Kongo Kinshasa we na bagenzi be bazanye muri 1994. Zimwe muri izo nyandiko – («documents») – twakwibutsa ni nk’inyandiko y’umujuji w’umufaransa witwa Jean-Louis Bruguière, iy’umujuje wo muri Espanye itegeka guta muri yombi Kagame n’abasirikare be 40 kubera uruhare rugaragara bagize mu kwica imbaga itabarika y’abanyarwanda n’abakongomani, harimo n’abasipanyoro bari mu Rwanda 1994.
«Umunsi wa 04 nyakanga 1994, ni umunsi w’ubunani, ni umunsi wa mbere utangira ubuzima bw’igihugu». Aya magambo ya Paul Kagame agaragaza neza imyumvire igerwa ku mashyi y’umuyobozi, utarigeze arya ngo ahage. Uretse iyi myumvire iciriritse, nta n’uwabura kwemeza ko Paul Kagame, ibyo avuga rimwe na rimwe, biba ari byo. Ndavuga ku bimureba, kubera ko iyo iriya taliki ya 04 nyakanga 1994 itabaho, ntiyari kuzapfa abaye perezida w’u Rwanda.
Mu mishyikirano y’amahoro yabereye Arusha muri Tanzaniya –imishyikirano yari igamije gusaranganya ubutegetsi – abambari b’inkotanyi ntibigeze na rimwe batekereza ko Paul Kagame yazaba n’umukuru w’ingabo, n’ubwo we ari byo yashakaga. Bakurikije ubushobozi bamubonaga mo, bamugeneraga umwanya muri minisiteri y’ingabo, umwanya wo guhugura no kwigisha abasirikari bitegura cyangwa bari ku rugamba. Général Kayumba Nyamwasa we, agera kure kuko yemeza ko, agereranije uko yari azi ubushobozi bwa Paul Kagame, dore ko banakuranye, ngo atari akwiye no guhabwa umwanya wo kuyobora ibiro bya segiteri.
Uyu musirikari mukuru, wahunze ubutegetsi bwa Kagame, yanongeyeho ko, kubera intege nke Paul Kagame yagiye agaragaza ubwo bari mu ishyamba, ari we wamukijije inzirabwoba, ubwo zari zamugoteye mu mirima y’ibigori, yabuze uko ayisohoka mo kubera ko ngo, muri karande ye, ari impumyi yarengeje ibipimo by’impumyi zibaho ku isi. Kuba rero iriya taliki ya 04 nyakanga yaramugize ibyo atakekaga kuba byo, bifite ishingiro ko Paul Kagame iyo taliki ayibona mo ubunani, umunsi wa nyawo yatangiriyeho kurya agahaga.
Aha na njye ndamugarukira kuko mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda baciriritse, ku bunani ari ho barya ibiryo bari bakumbuye cyangwa batakekaga kuzabona ukundi. Ku bindeba, ndibuka ko na njye, mu muryango navukiye mo, twaryaga inkoko cyangwa ihene twabaga twararagiye igihe kirekire, mbere y’ubunani tugatungwa n’ibijumba cyangwa imyumbati n’ibishyimbo! Bivuze ko ku bunani nta mwana watarabukaga ngo ave mu rugo, kuko twese twabaga ducungira hafi iyo sake cyangwa musheru tuzatanyaguza ku bunani, Kagame yita ubunani bw’uwa kane nyakanga. Ni bya bindi ko ngo umutindi arota ibyo yifuza. Paul Kagame yifuza intambara ihoraho, azajya yibukiraho buri mwaka ubunani bw’uwa kane nyakanga, umunsi yafatiyeho ubutegetsi, atari akwiye.
Kuba na none uyu munsi wa kane nyakanga utasibwa n’amakaramu ya wino, kuri Paul Kagame, na byo ni byo, kubera ko uyu muyobozi, muri kamere ye, ntajya aha agaciro abamaze imyaka ku ntebe y’ishuri: aba abita «injiji zize». Kuri we igihugu kigomba guhozwa mu ntambara z’urudaca, abanyamakaramu bagapfa urwo bagapfuye, ubwo bibeshyaga bakagabira ubutegetsi umuntu udakwiye no kuyobora ibiro bya segiteri.
Njyewe ugitunzwe n’iyi karamu, kandi nemeza ko ari yo ihirika ubutegetsi iyo igihe kigeze, mbona ko igihe ari iki ko umuyobozi umeze nka Paul Kagame yazibukira hakiri kare, agatanga ubutegetsi bitaraba nabi, naho ubundi igihugu arongera agishore mu muriro utazima, cyane ko yanabyivugiye ko azagisiga uko yagisanze. Ndagira ngo ariko munyomoze gato, kubera ko iyo avuga ko igihugu azagisiga uko yagisanze, aba yigiza nkana kuko, mbere y’uko akigabaho ibitero, cyari igihugu gitekanye, cyari igihugu inyabutatu nyarwanda (Hutu-Twa-Tutsi) yasabanaga, igasangira byose, igashyingirana, bitandukanye n’ibyazanywe n’ubutegetsi bwe, aho bitagishoboka ko umunyarwanda abana n’uwo ashaka, ahubwo yikanga undi, akamubona mo umwanzi w’ibihe byose.
Nta munyarwanda n’umwe, utekereza neza, utababazwa n’ijambo Paul Kagame yagejeje ku banyarwanda kuri uyu wa kane nyakanga 2023, cyeretse urwaye mu mutwe. Birababaje ko u Rwanda rwaranzwe n’abayobozi benda kumera nka Paul Kagame. Ni abayobozi bakunze kwiyitirira igihugu, kurusha kukitirira rubanda, aba bayobozi bagombye kuba ari bo bakorera.
Bivugwa ko mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa cyami, uwitwa Yozefu Gitera yabajije umwami Rudahigwa impamvu ubutegetsi bwe bwari bugizwe n’ubwoko bw’abatutsi gusa, yaturukaga mo. Louis-Charles Rudahigwa, mu gushakisha igisubizo cy’icyo kibazo yari abajijwe na Gitera, ngo yaba yarahisemo gushakisha uburyo yamwica, mu rwego rwo kumubuza gukomeza gukwirakwiza ayo magambo yitaga ingengabitekerezo y’abahutu, mu gihe abenshi muri aba bahutu na bo bayabonaga mo ukuri kwambaye ubusa, ariko bagatinya kukuvuga, kugira ngo baticwa. Byumvikane neza ko, nk’uko Kagame atinyitse uyu munsi, ngo ni na ko umwami yari atinyitse.
Ijambo rivuga ngo «aho kwica Gitera, ica ikibimutera» ngo ryaba ryaravuye i Butare, aho umwami Rudahigwa yari yategeye Gitera kumwicira, murumuna wa Rudahigwa witwaga Kigeli wa V Ndahindurwa, akaza kumubuza, ngo agira ati: «aho kwica Gitera, uzice ikibimutera»! Icyo Yozefu Gitera yaziraga ngo ni uko yerekanaga ko ubutegetsi bwose bwa cyami, kuva kuri shefu kugeza kuri surushefu, bose bari abatutsi, bakandamiza abahutu, ibi bikaba ngo byari bibujijwe kuvugwaho, kubera ko umwami n’abamwungirije batashakaga kubyumva. Aba bishimiraga kuvuga ko umwami atagira ubwoko, ngo ari uw’abanyarwanda bose, nk’uko intero n’inyikirizo y’umwami w’u Rwanda rw’uyu munsi, ari uko iteye. Utabona ko Paul Kagame na we yagaruye ubwami, bwihishe mu ishusho ya Repubulika, ni uko atagira amaso.
Ni byo koko ingoma ngo zisa ntacyo zipfana: Habyarimana, wasimbuye Kayibanda, akanamwica urubozo, yavugaga ko azanye amahoro n’ubumwe, ko u Rwanda aruzahuye mu rwobo Kayibanda yari yararuroshye mo. Bivuze ko Habyarimana ntaho yari atandukaniye cyane na Kagame w’uyu munsi, kubera ko uyu na we, yivugira ko u Rwanda rwatangiye kuba u Rwanda ari uko arufashe mu mivu y’amaraso yo muri 1994. Ni na ngombwa kwemeza, ndavuga ku babyemera, ko iyo ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana butabaho, ntaho abanyarwanda, batari inyangarwanda, bari guhurira n’ubutegetsi bw’uyu munsi, buyobowe na Paul Kagame. Ni bya bindi by’ibisa, bikanasabirana. Mu mvugo yanjye, ntashaka gutwerera abo itareba, nemeza, nta shiti, ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati ya FPR na MRND. Byombi ni ibibi byimakaje ikibi na Sekibi, bihuriyeho.
U Rwanda ni cyo gihugu cyonyine namenye abayobozi bacyo batajya bagendera ku mateka y’ibyabaye mbere y’uko bafata ubutegetsi. Ufashe ubwo butegetsi, uwo ari we wese, ijambo rya mbere ageza ku baturage (message à la nation), ni ukubumvisha ko ubutegetsi bwariho bwari ubutegetsi bwa ruvumwa, ko n’umuyobozi wari uburi ku isonga, nta kindi yari akwiye uretse kwicwa. Ni uko byagendekeye perezida Kayibanda, ubwo yicwaga na Habyarimana wari umaze kumusimbura, ni na ko byagendekeye Habyarimana ubwo yicirwaga mu ndege na Paul Kagame, agahita amusimbura mu mivu y’amaraso, akigamba n’uyu munsi. Birababaje ko ari uko tugomba gukomeza kubyumva, kugeza duhenutse.
Nk’uko zitukwa mo nkuru, Paul Kagame na we, aho kwigira ku mateka y’abayobozi bamubanjirije, aracyashaka kwizirika ku butegetsi, akoresheje abamurwaniriye, batakinariho, kugirango bongere bamusubize ku butegetsi, bigaragara ko uyu munsi burimo kumuca mu myanya y’intoki. Igisigaye ni ukumenya niba izi nzozi zizavuka mo ukuri yifuza.
Biranababaje ko Paul Kagame ari we usigaye muri aka karere ndetse no mu bindi bihugu byinshi bya Afrika, utabona ko politiki yo kwihambira ku butegetsi itagifite ibisobanuro bifatika. Abayobozi bo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, cyane cyane Perezida Kagame, bagombye kwigira kuri mugenzi wabo wa Sénégal, Macky Sall, wari waragerageje guhiga uko yarimanganya ngo akomeze gutsimbarara ku butegetsi ngo yiyongeze mu kuyobora indi manda – «mandat» – ya gatatu, abaturage bakamuturumbukana, akaba amaze kwisubiraho. Amaze kwemera ku mugaragaro ko ataziyamamariza kuyobora Sénégal muri «mandat» ya gatatu, nyuma y’uko abaturage bamucanyeho umuriro.
Ngiyo demukarasi itamena amaraso abanyarwanda dukeneye uyu munsi, demukarasi idahoza igihugu cyacu mu mivu y’amaraso, nk’uko Paul Kagame abyifuza uyu munsi, uretse ko nkeka ko bitazamworohera.
