07/03/2017 Yanditswe na Emmanuel Senga
Reka ntangire iki gitekerezo nibaza iki kibazo nti ni : ni iki kizereka abanyarwanda ko bafite demokarasi? Ese tugomba gukomeza kwemera ibyo abanyapolitiki bishingikirizaho, kubera ko bayobora abaturage benshi batajijutse, maze tugakomeza tukemezwa ko hari umutegetsi runaka wazanye demokarasi, kandi tubona ko ibikorwa bihabanye n’icyitwa demokarasi? Kugeza ubu nta mutegetsi wari wabasha kugarura ubwumvikane bwuzuye hagati y’amoko y’abanyarwanda. Icyo bakora bose ni ukurenza ku bwumvikane buke buranga ayo moko, maze bagasoma amadisikuru y’ibyifuzo gusa, bakayakurikiza iterabwoba rihatira kwemera ko abanyarwanda biyunze, kandi mu by’ukuri ibyo abayobozi bakorera cyangwa bakoresha abaturage bidashobora kubunga. Bararenganya bamwe bagatetesha abandi, ariko bakibagirwa ko hari abandi babirebera kure kandi bakabigaya. Ababigaya, ubutegetsi buriho bubita inyangarwanda, ngo ni abanzi b’igihugu, kuko ubwo butegetsi butinya kwicara hamwe na bo ngo babuvuguruze, nibiba ngombwa abaturage babasimbuze binyuze mu matora y’ukuri. Ariko tuzamenya ko mu Rwanda hageze demokarasi igihe abanyarwanda bose bazaba bashobora kuvuga icyo bashaka, batikanga gufungwa no kwicwa; igihe bazaba bashobora kubona ubutabera nta tonesha cyangwa itotezwa, kandi bagashobora kwitorera abayobozi bishakiye, igihe cyagera bakabavanaho. Umunyarwanda utabyumva kimwe n’abayobozi ntafatwe nk’umwanzi.
Iyi foto ibanziriza ibi byose tuvugaho, kimwe n’iyo mubona hagati mu mwandiko, zirerekana Perezida George W. Bush w’umurepubulikani ahuje urugwiro n’umudamu wa Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, b’abademokarate kandi bamusimbuye. Ni ryari tuzabona Kagame yegeranye na Agathe Kanziga bahuje urugwiro? Ibi biramutse bibaye, nta wundi mugabo mwakenera, demokarasi yaba yatashye mu rwa Gasabo. Ngo nta wuvuma iritararenga da, yenda ahari byashoboka! Ko bombi bakuriye muri Repubulika.
Kera Repubulika igisimbura ubwami mu Rwanda, bavugaga ko uwinjiye muri politiki aba yinjiye mu matiku. Icyo gihe politiki yarangwaga n’inzangano, no kugambanirana no kwigizanyayo ndetse no kwicana.
Ababayeho muri icyo gihe muribuka icyo bitaga guta umurongo, aho abarwanashyaka b’ishyaka rya MDR Parmehutu ry’icyo gihe bigizanyagayo, mu matiku n’inzangano, hagasigara agapande k’abantu bakeya babaga na bo barangwa no kubeshyerana, no guhakirizwa, kugira ngo bakunde babone indonke z’ingoma. Birumvikana ko mu bihe nk’ibyo abitwa abategetsi baba bahugiye mu nyungu zabo, nta we utekereza umuturage. Muri ibyo bihe baba biba, banyereza, bacuranwa ibyiza by’igihugu. Iyo bitinze kandi abatabigeraho kandi bakagombye kubigeraho batangira gucura imigambi yo guhirika ubutegetsi. Ni ko byagenze muri 1973, ku ya 5 Nyakanga, ubwo abasirikari bakuru bayobowe na Jenerari Majoro Habyarimana Yuvenali bafataga ubutegetsi, babeshye rubanda ko habayeho ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi nta mivu y’amaraso imenetse. Nyamara si ko byari bimeze, kuko muri icyo gihe Majoro Lizinde n’abafasha be barimo gufunga no kwica abanyagitarama n’abandi bitaga abanyanduga, nta rubanza baciriwe.
Mu mizo ya mbere, ubutegetsi bwa gisirikari bwari bugiyeho bwemezaga ko bugiye gukosora ibitaragenze neza, birimo guca ubusumbane mu bana b’u Rwanda, hakimikwa amahoro n’ubumwe. Byabaye ariko iby’igihe gito, kuko bidatinze hadutse imvugo ngo “uzi ico ndi co”, bishaka kuvuga ko nkomoka ku Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, iwabo w’ubutegetsi. Kubona akazi ahantu hahemba neza byari iby’umugabo bigasiba undi. Ndetse hari abari barazinutswe no kugashaka. Ibyo byarakomeje biza kugera muri 1991, ubwo inama y’i La Baule mu Bufaransa yasabaga ko ibihugu by’Afurika ikoresha ururimi rw’igifaransa, bishyiraho ubutegetsi bwemera amashyaka menshi, tutibagiwe ko n’inkotanyi zari zagabye igitero ku Rwanda guhera tariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990. Ibi bintu byombi (igitero cy’inkotanyi, amashyaka menshi) byatumye politiki y’u Rwanda ihindura isura, ndetse ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana bucika intege, kubera ko abaturage bari batangiye kumva ko hari ubundi buryo igihugu cyayoborwa. Bidatinze kuya 4 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana iba irahanuwe, igihugu gicura imiborogo, himakazwa ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwacogoye nko mu mwaka wa 1998, dushyizemo n’ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwakorewe n’impunzi zari zarahungiye muri Congo. Ariko guhera tariki ya 19 Nyakanga 1994 hari hagiyeho Guverinoma bitaga iy’ubumwe, ariko mu by’ukuri yari igizwe na FPR yari yafashe ubutegetsi bwose, iha n’andi mashyaka bari bayihuriyemo, bitwaje Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha yari yasinywe ku itariki ya 4 Kanama 1993, ariko FPR itatinze kunyukanyuka igasigara ikoresha kugaba imyanya uko ibyishakiye.
FPR yahisemo gushyamiranya abanyarwanda aho kubahuza ngo bafatanyirize hamwe.
FPR yinjira mu gihugu byari byitezwe ko izafatanya n’abo isanze, ariko si ko byagenze. Aho kuzuzanya n’abari mu gihugu, ahubwo barashyamiranye, nyamara byarashobokaga. Ariko se ni iki kiruhije kuba umuntu yakwigana uru rugero twerekwa na Michelle Obama na George W. Bush mu kugaragaza ko abashyamiranye mu bitekerezo bitababuza kumvikana no kujya inama?
Ubutegetsi bwa FPR na bwo bwaje abanyarwanda bamwe babushyizemo icyizere, ariko nk’akanya ko guhumbya cyaraje amasinde. Umusirikari mukuru wari wayoboye urugamba rwari rwafashe igihugu, Jenerari Majoro Paul Kagame, byose arabihindura, yigenera umwanya wa Visi Perezida utari warateganyijwe, agira ngo azananize uwo bari bashyize imbere ngo abe Perezida. Ni na ko byagenze, Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu yeguzwa igitaraganya, asimburwa na Paul Kagame, u Rwanda ruba rusubiye mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikari. Kuko, nubwo Paul Kagame yitwa ngo yaretse igisirikari, imyitwarire, imikorere byose ni ibya gisirikari, ndetse ku buryo buhebuje bw’igitugu. Aha ni ho u Rwanda ruri ubu. Ariko kubera kubura uko yarekura ubutegetsi, ubu yabonye uburyo bugayitse bwo kwiyenza ku Itegeko Nshinga, ararihindura none arashaka kuzongera kwitoza, mu mayeri y’amafifiko nk’uko yabimenyereye.
Hagati aho muri iyi minsi yegera ayo matora ubwoba ni bwinshi mu banyarwanda, kuko mu by’ukuri nta wakwihandagaza ngo avuge uko bizagenda. Ibintu byose birashoboka. Ibimenyetso bihari biratwereka ko igihugu gifite ubukene bukabije, urugomo rurazamuka buri munsi mu baturage badatinya no kwicana izuba riva kandi abategetsi barebera; hanze amashyaka arwanya ubutegetsi arakaza umurego wo kwisuganya no kubusobanurira ibihugu bikomeye bitabuzi; abategetsi bariyongeza imishahara kugira ngo bakunde bagire akanyamuneza ko kogeza no gutoresha Kagame; rubanda iri mu bukene burenze urugero nubwo ubutegetsi bubihishira, igihugu kirarebana ay’ingwe n’abaturanyi, ibihugu bikomeye biributsa ko iyo manda ya Kagame itari ngombwa, ko agomba kubahiriza itegeko nshinga, n’ibindi n’ibindi.
Mu bayobozi imbere ni ubwoba bukabije, kuko, kubera imyaka ishize Perezida Kagame ategeka, buri wese arumva ko igihe cyari iki akarekura. Ibi ariko ntabikozwa kubera impamvu nyinshi, iziboneka n’izitaboneka. Iziboneka ni uko ngo yakijije u Rwanda ngo akaruteza imbere, rukaba rugana mu cyerecyezo cya Singapuru y’Afurika; na ho izitagaragara ni ukwibaza ikizakurikira aramutse arekuye ubutegetsi. Azajyanwa imbere y’inkiko, ashobora se gusagarirwa, azahunga se…ibibazo ni byinshi ku buryo ikimuha amahoro, na yo y’igihe gito ni ukwizirika ku butegetsi mpaka. Ayo mahoro akaomeza no kuyashakisha hirya hino, aho adasiba kuzenguruka ngo ngaho yagiye guhaha, nyamara ahubwo arimo asesagura n’uduke igihugu cyari gifite.
Muri rusange ibibazo ni byinshi kandi iminsi irihuta. Hakorwa iki rero ngo u Rwanda ruve muri iyi muzunga y’amateka?
Ibyakorwa birahari, si byo bibuze; ahubwo bikorwe na nde? Abagomba kubikora, ari bo bategetsi barahuze, barasahura, bafite ubwoba; mu gihe abafite ubushake bwo kubikora bimwe urubuga rwo kubikora. Bizagenda gute rero ngo demokarasi izanwe mu Rwanda tugifite izi mpande zishyamiranye? Uko byagenda kose zigomba guhura zigakorera hamwe cyangwa zikabitozwa, hakoreshejwe izindi ngufu, kuko ntabwo abanyarwanda bazemera gukomeza kuguma mu gihirahiro ngo ngaho hari ababicaye hejuru bababuza kwishyira bakizana. Abanyarwanda nibashishoze bamenya ubabeshya n’ubabwiza ukuri, kandi banashire n’ubwoba bavuge ibitagenda kandi babibwire uwo nyine utuma bitagenda. Kwigira “ntibindeba bizakorwa n’abandi” izakugumisha hamwe, ikubyinishe muzunga nibirimba ugwe amacuri. Ibi se ni nde ubishaka? Nimuhaguruke mubyange maze murebe ngo demokarasi irataha mu Rwanda. Nimwiyake ubwoba muvuge mudatukana, nimuharanire ukwishyira mukizana kwanyu kandi mubibwire abo bayobozi na bo babyumve, nibaramuka batabyumvise, bazabyumvishwa n’induru. Ahasigaye dutegurire urubyaro rwacu u Rwanda rujya mbere mu majyambere. Iyi ni yo ntego twakagombye kumva mbere yo kujya gusetsa imikara ngo turatora, kandi uwiyimitse yarabirangije kera. Umunsi w’amatora mwagombye kuba mwibereye mu mirimo yanyu isanzwe, kuko ariya makinamico y’amatora nta we yari akwiye kubeshya. Ariko nibiba ngombwa ko mukina uwo mukino, mukomeze mutekereze ko mutazahora mukoreshwa ibyo mutemera, naze buri munsi mutekereze icyo mwashobora gukora ngo mubeho neza mwisanzuye. Ngiyo intego y’umuturage wese ushaka demokarasi, kuko demokarasi bitavuga kubura urukundo no kwishyira ngo wizane, ahubwo muri demokarasi ni byo bigomba kuba intego.