Kuva ku itariki ya 10 kugeza ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2016, i Kigali mu Rwanda hahuriye abakuru b’ibihugu by’Afrika, ndetse hanatumiwemo n’abandi banyacyubahiro, barimo n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye Ban Ki-Moon. Bimwe mu byagombaga kugerwaho muri iyo nama, ntibyakozwe. Bamwe mu bagejeje ijambo ku bari bayirimo bagaragaje ko hakiri imbogamizi zituma uyu muryango umaze imyaka 53 ushinzwe utabasha kugera ku cyo washyiriweho. Muri zo harimo ko « ntawutanga icyo adafite ».
Insanganyamatsiko y’ibanze muri iyi nama yari, « 2016: uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, by’umwihariko uburenganzira bw’umutegarugori ». Muri Afrika haracyari abakuru b’ibihugu, badindije inzira ya demokarasi n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu iwabo. Ikibazo, abantu babaza abo bakuru b’ibihugu, ni ukumenya niba basangiza umugabane w’Afrika, ibyo batabashije gusakaza mu gihugu bayobora. Haracyari abakuru b’ibihugu bihambira ku butegetsi, ugasanga igihugu baracyifatiye nk’ubukonde cyangwa ikigo cy’ubucuruzi wayobora uko wishakiye, ntawukuvuguruza kuko ari umutungo wawe bwite wakoresha uko ubyumva. Muri Afrika hari abaperezida bamaze imyaka irenga 30, abandi isaga 20! Aba basobanura ko biterwa n’ibikorwa by’agatangaza bakora, bitabashwa n’undi, bakongeraho ko ngo binaterwa n’urukundo n’icyizere bafitiwe n’abo bayobora.
Mu ngingo zaganiriweho muri iriya nama y’i Kigali, hanarimo, kwiyemeza gusimburana ku butegetsi, hirindwa kubutsimbararaho cyangwa kwigira kamara. Si ubwa mbere bivugiwe mu nama nk’iyi. Ababikurikirana hafi, bavuga ko ari urwiyerurutso kuko ntibijya mu bikorwa. Utiriwe ujya na kure, ugahera no mu karere inama yabereyemo, yaba Urwanda, Uburundi, Uganda na Repubulika uharanira demokarasi ya Kongo, usanga abatavugarumwe n’abari ku butegetsi babagaya cyane ko babutsimbarayeho ku buryo bamwe bavugwaho kutubahiriza Itegekonshinga, abandi bakarihindura mu nyungu zabo, abandi bagakoresha amatora atanyuze mu mucyo, ndetse bamwe bakabuza amahwemo abatavugarumwe na bo. Ibi byose, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afrika uzatanga umuganda ugaragara wo kubikemura umaze igisekuru?
Uyu muryango wagombaga kugira imyanzuro igaragara ku kibazo cy’amakimbirane ari hirya no hino muri Afurika, ndetse hafi y’aho inama yaberaga hari igihugu cy’Uburundi gikomeje kubamo umutekano muke n’ubwicanyi. Nyamara, intumwa z’iki gihugu, zavuye muri iyi nama ntaho iragera, ku buryo ubwabyo byerekana ko nta cyizere zari zifite muri kiriya cyumweru inama yamaze. Bitabaye ibyo zari kuhaguma zikavuga uko zibona icyo kibazo cyakemuka, ndetse zikumva n’inama n’ibyemezo byari gufatwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu bari muri iyo nama. Uyu muryango nyafurika wakabaye nk’umurwaza mwiza hafi y’Uburundi buri mu kaga. Uburundi bwakunze gushinja Urwanda guha imyitozo abashaka kurutera. Ibi ngibi, Urwanda rwabihakanye kenshi rwivuye inyuma. Uyu muryango nyafurika wakoze ibishoboka ngo wunge aba baturanyi? Ku gitekerezo kimaze igihe cyo kohereza ingabo z’amahanga, abarundi ntibahwemye kwerekana ko batagikozwa. No muri iyi nama, uyu muryango ntiwabashije kugitambutsa.
Abari muri iyi nama bunguranye ibitekerezo ku kibazo cy’ubushyamirane bukomeje guhitana abantu muri Sudani. Abakuru b’ibihugu bafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza ingabo muri Sudani y’amajyepfo kugira ngo zunganire iz’Umuryango w’abibumbye (ONU) mu kubungabunga umutekano. Mu byizweho hari kandi n’ubusabe bwa Maroc yifuza kugaruka muri uyu muryango.
Muri iyi nama, hagombaga gutorwa perezida wa komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’Afrika kugira ngo asimbure ucyuye igihe, ariwe munyafurika y’Epfo Mme Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. Ntawigeze atorwa ngo amusimbure kuko muri batatu biyamamaje ntawagejeje ku majwi ya ngombwa. Abari biyamamaje ni ba minisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga, uwa Botswana, Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi, uwa « Guinée équatoriale », Agapito Mba Mokuy, n’uwahoze ari visi-perezida wa Uganda, Specioza Wandira-Kazibwe. Mme Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma wari usanzweho yatangaje ko adashaka indi manda. Ingaruka y’ibi ni uko uzamusimbura azatorwa mu nama ubutaha, iteganyijwe muri Mutarama 2017. Ibi kandi bifunguriye amarembo n’abandi bifuzaga kwiyamamaza barimo uwahoze ari perezida wa Tanzaniya Jakaya Kikweté n’umunyasenegali Abdoulaye Bathily. Hari abasanga Kikwete afite amahirwe yo gutorwa, mu gihe ariko ababikurikiranira hafi banavuga ko hari n’impaka zikomeye z’abifuza ko ubutaha perezida wa komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’Afurika yayoborwa n’uvuga igifaransa ngo kuko havuyeho uvuga icyongereza.
Radiyo mpuzamahanga y’abafaransa RFI yatangaje ko ikibazo cy’aya matora cyanabayemo guhangana mu nama yabaye mu muhezo, batanga urugero rw’ukuntu perezida wa Liberiya Mme Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, yatse ijambo mu izina ry’abahisemo ko yakwimurwa, n’uko ngo perezida w’ubumwe bw’Afurika muri iki gihe, ari we Idriss Déby, amwima ijambo.
Mu bitabiriye iyi nama hari hanarimo perezida Al Bashir ushakishwa n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI/ICC). Abantu banyuranye babajije niba igihugu nk’Urwanda rutarateshutse ubwo rwangaga gushyira mu bikorwa impapuro rwashyikirijwe n’urwo rukiko ngo rumubafate. Minisitiri Louise Mushikiwabo yavuze ko icyo kibazo kivanzemo politiki, ndetse ngo Urwanda ntiruri mu bagize urwo rukiko, yongeraho ko ngo abakuru b’ibihugu bafite ubudahangarwa iyo bagiye mu nama nk’iriya. Al Bashir ashinjwa na CPI ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, birimo jenoside, iyicarubozo n’ibindi… Hari abasanga Urwanda rwakabaye intangarugero ku kibazo nk’icyo, kubera ko ruzi uburemere bw’ibyo uriya mugabo aregwa.
Abakuru b’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango batangije igikorwa kigena ishyirwaho rya pasiporo nyafurika, izorohereza abaturage b’uyu mugabane kuwugendaho nta nkomyi.
Ikindi uriya muryango nyafurika wizeho, ni ugushyiraho imisoro n’amahoro, izatangwa ahanini n’amabanki yo mu bihugu by’Afurika, ndetse ikava no ku bucuruzi budashingiye ku bintu by’ibanze ku muturage, kugira ngo haboneke ingengo y’imari ivuye mu banyafurika ubwabo. Ibi ngo byatuma, abanyafurika badahora bateze amaso ibiva hanze y’umugabane wabo.
Abantu banyuranye basanga iki gitekerezo atari kibi, cyakora bakibaza niba kugishyira mu bikorwa bizashoboka, mu gihe amikoro y’ibihugu byinshi muri Afurika akiri iyanga, mu gihe kandi muri buri gihugu hatabanje gushyirwa mu bikorwa gucunga neza ibya rubanda.
Jean-Claude Mulindahabi
