Ni impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, yabitangiye kera kuko abimazemo imyaka hafi mirongo itatu. Yitwa Yozefu Matata. Ni we muhuzabikorwa w’ikigo giharanira kurwanya umuco wo kudahana no kurenganya mu Rwanda, CLIIR (Centre de lutte contre l’impunité et l’injustice au Rwanda). Iri shyirahamwe ryashinzwe kuwa 18 Kanama 1995. Riharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, ryamaganira kure akarengane ako ari ko kose kagirirwa abanyarwanda, rigatabariza abarengana bose ritavanguye, ahubwo rishingiye ku kuri. Ibi ni Matata ubwe ubisobanura nk’uko tunabisanga mu kiganiro kiri ku mpera z’iyi nyandiko.
Ubusanzwe, kimwe mu bigomba kuranga imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta (urugero nk’iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’itangazamakuru), ni ugushyira imbere inyungu rusange. Kwirinda guteshuka cyangwa guta indangagaciro bitewe n’ihinduka ry’ubutegetsi, cyangwa kubera amaramuko. Yozefu Matata avuga ko nta cyatuma ateshuka ku migambi y’iri shyirahamwe bitewe no kurambagizwa n’ibikomerezwa n’abanyabubasha bashukisha ba mutimamuke amafaranga n’imyanya mu butegetsi.
Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1990, Yozefu Matata yafunzwe mu bakekwaga no mu bagerekwagwaho kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi zari zagabye ibitero, zitangiza intambara. Uyu mugabo w’inararibonye azi ingaruka z’akababaro, akarengane, no gufungirwa ubusa. Matata yemeza ko ibyo byamuhaye kumenya kurushaho ukuntu urengana aba akwiye kugira abaharanira ko yarenganurwa.
Yozefu Matata avuga ko yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri jenoside n’ibikorwa bitandukanye by’ubugizibwanabi byakoze ku banyarwanda imbere no hanze y’igihugu. Yemeza ko afite amakuru menshi ashingiye ku bimenyetso byuzuye. Mu w’1991 amaze gufungurwa yakoreye umuryango nyarwanda uharanira kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ARDHO (Association rwandaise de défense des droits de l’homme). Yaje kuwubera umunyamabanga uhoraho. Nyuma afatanyije n’abandi bashinga urugaga rw’amashyirahamwe nyarwanda aharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, CLADHO (Collectif de ligues et associations rwandaises de défense des droits de l’homme). Iyi mpuzamashyirahamwe ni yo yasabye iperereza mpuzamahanga ku bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubwicanyi bwakozwe kuva ku itariki ya 01/10/1990. Ibyavuye muri iryo perereza bishyirwa ahagaragara tariki ya 23 Mutarama 1993, byerekana ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi, ariko icyo gihe abakoze iperereza bavuga ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe abahutu byabagoye kurikora binononsoye mu gace kari karafashwe n’inkotanyi ngo kuko bitari byoroshye kukinjiramo.
Yozefu Matata avuga ko yatotejwe bikomeye n’ubutegetsi bwa mbere ya 94 azira kugaragaza akarengane kakorerwaga abatutsi. Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, ntiyahagaritse ibikorwa byo guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Matata avuga ko yazengurutse hirya no hino mu Rwanda abona uburyo jenoside yakozwe. Ubuhamya bumwereka uko interahamwe na bamwe mu basirikare b’icyo gihe bishe abaturage. Mu iperereza kandi yari yatangiye no gucukumbura ukuntu ingabo za APR zishe inzirakarengane. Avuga ko, ibi byamuviriyemo gutotezwa, abonye agerwa amajanja, arahunga. Ubu atuye mu Bubiligi. Aracyaharanira kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Yozefu Matata ni umwe mu bantu bemeza ko jenoside yibasiye abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi ndetse ikanahitana n’abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu. Abafite ubutegetsi mu Rwanda bavuga ko ababibona gutyo nka Matata ari abahakanyi cyangwa abapfobya jenoside yibasiye abatutsi. Yozefu Matata n’abandi nka we, bo bakabwira abo bategetsi ko ahubwo ari bo bahakanyi (négationnistes) ngo kuko bemeza ko hishwe ubwoko bumwe bagahakana ko n’ubundi bwishwe mu nzira zimwe. Matata asobanura ko kuvuga ko n’abahutu bishwe bitavanaho icyaha no guhana abishe abatutsi. Bityo kuri we, mu rwego rwo guca umuco wo kudahana, asanga abishe abahutu na bo batagomba kubihakana, bakaba bagomba no kubihanirwa. Ibi akabivuga yibutsa ko umuntu ari nk’undi, ko kandi Urwanda ruzarushaho kuba igihugu cyiza nirwubahiriza ihame ryo kureshyeshya abenegihugu imbere y’amategeko. Umugabo witwa Prosper Bamara na we aherutse gusohora inyandiko, aho yemeza ko Urwanda rwubatse ku rutare ruzashingira ku kudahakana ko ari abahutu ari n’abatutsi bishwe. Ushaka kumenya CLIIR n’umuhuzabikorwa wayo Yozefu Matata yasoma ku rubuga: http://www.cliir.org/
Ikiganiro musanga munsi aha, Yozefu Matata yakigiranye n’umunyamakuru Tharcisse Semana ku itariki ya 28/05/2016, i Buruseli mu Bubiligi, nyuma y’inama imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta yari yifuje gutangamo ibitekerezo ku bakora politiki.
Jean-Claude Mulindahabi
