Yanditswe na Emmanuel Senga
Nk’uko tubisoma mu kinyamakuru cyegereye Leta y’u Rwanda, Umuseke. rw, mu nkuru y’umunyamakuru Jean Pierre Nizeyimana, yashyizwe ahagaragara kuwa 16/02/2017, akaba yari yayise: “Impunzi itahutse izajya ihabwa $ 250 iyafate kuri Airtel Money”, nk’uko nawe wabyisomera muri iki kinyamakuru:
Impunzi itahutse izajya ihabwa $250 iyafate kuri AirtelMoney
Biragaragara ko Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe impunzi (UNHCR/HCR) ugiye gufatanya n’imwe mu mabanki yo mu Rwanda, I&M, bagafasha impunzi zitahutse ngo zibashe kubona ibyangombwa by’ibanze ngo kuko ” byari byaragaragaye ko hari bamwe mu bahunguka bagurisha ibyo bahawe kugira ngo bagure ibindi bakeneye, ariko nibahabwa amafaranga ngo bazajya baguramo ibyo bakeneye ubwabo kugira ngo batangire ubuzima”.
Mu by’ukuri ni igitekerezo cyiza, usibye ko gisa nk’aho gifite igice cy’impunzi kireba, ni ukuvuga impunzi zitishoboye. Kuki se ari zo zibandwaho? Uku gutoranya izi mpunzi ni byo bigaragaza amayeri abyihishe inyuma, usibye ko binasubiza impamvu impunzi zidashaka gutaha, bakaba batangiye kuzinginga. Ikibitera nta kindi ni uko bumva umutekano wabo udahagije, waba umutekano wo ku mubiri, waba uwo ku mutima. Ubu bwoko bwombi bw’umutekano nta cyemeza ko umuntu wahunze agarutse mu gihugu atakongera kububura. Ni yo mpamvu impunzi zari zikwiye gukurikira amakuru yose aturuka mu gihugu, maze bakayitaho mbere yo gufata icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose. Yego kuba mu gihugu kitari icyawe birababaza, ariko iyo igihugu cyawe cyakwambuye uburenganzira uhabwa n’amategeko (mu gihugu kigendera ku mategeko) waba ukibishije yenda igihe kikazagera na cyo kikagendera ku mategeko. None se, usibye imihigo ikorwa n’abategetsi b’u Rwanda, hari uwakwihandagaza akavuga ko u Rwanda rugendera ku mategeko? Niba ari byo, hazagire ikinyamakuru cyandika kuri Perezida amakuru atamushimishije maze muzambwire amaherezo yacyo. Nyamara ni ibintu bisanzwe mu bihugu bigendera ku mategeko. Usibye no kumwandikaho binamushushanya uko bishatse, bipfa kuba bitishe amategeko y’igihugu.
Gutahuka mu gihugu cyawe ni uburenganzira bwa buri mwenegihugu wagizwe impunzi n’intambara n’imiyoborere mibi. None se izi mpunzi zimaze imyaka irenga 22 mu buhungiro ntabwo zigeze zishaka gutaha, cyangwa se ntabwo Leta yigeze ishaka kuzicyura? Byombi byarabaye, ariko ku munota wa nyuma bikananirana (ntitwirengagiza ko hari nkeya zijya zitahuka). Impunzi yose yagerageje gutaha ku bwayo, iyo yemeraga kugera mu gihugu ikemera ibyo Leta iyitegetse byose, iyo yarakirwaga igafunga umunwa, igatuza, igategekwa, igahohoterwa byaba ngombwa igahora icyurirwa. Hari ubuhamya bwinshi bwerekana ko abatahutse basubiye mu byabo mu Karere k’Umutara ubu bagenda babyirukanwamo, bitwa ko baje ahatabagenewe, kuko ngo Umutara ari uw’ aborozi. Kandi ibibera mu Mutara binabera no mu mpande zose z’igihugu. Byumve muri aya majwi akurikira:
Ikibazo u Rwanda rudashobora kubwira impunzi zitahurwa ni uko umutekano wazo uzamera zigeze mu Rwanda. Biroroshye gushuka umuntu umwumvisha ko azamererwa neza natahuka, ariko birakomeye kubimugezaho. Mu by’ukuri ikibazo gihari, ni icyo Leta ya Kagame izi kurusha abandi: ubwoba iterwa n’impunzi zose ziri hanze. Nk’uko impunzi zisuganyije zigatera u Rwanda muri 1990, ni na ko ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bufitiye ubwoba izo mpunzi zishobora na zo kwisuganya zigatera igihugu. Kandi ibi birashoboka, cyane cyane ko abana bavukiye mu buhunzi bahora bumva ko bagomba byanze bikunze kuzabona igihugu cy’amavuko y’ababyeyi babo. Ibi rero ni ugushaka gukemura ikibazo inusu, kuko igisubizo nyacyo ni imiyoborere myiza. Niba Leta ya FPR yumva ko gukomeza gucamo abanyarwanda ibice, bamwe bagashyirwa ku ibere, abandi bagahindurwa ibicibwa mu gihugu cyabo, niba iri vangura ari ryo nkingi ya politiki ya FPR, imenye ko abanyarwanda batazakomeza kubirebera. Kamere muntu ntiyihanganira gusuzugurwa, ku buryo bitinde bitebuke iyi politiki izateza intambara.
Tugarutse kuri ubu bushake bwo gushukisha ubuhendabana impunzi ngo zikunde zitahuke, ngo baziha telefoni, amafaranga y’amadolari 250, tike n’ubwisungane mu buvuzi mu gihe cy’umwaka, biragaragara ko ari uburyo bwo kwagaza mu mayeri abanyarwanda bahunze, ariko na bo basabwe gushishoza ntibanyurwe n’ubwo buhendabana. Bazibuke ziriya mvururu zazanywe na Leta ya Kigali mu bihugu bya Mozambike, Zambiya, za Afurika y’Epfo, ibi byose byakozwe hagambiriwe guca intege impunzi z’abanyarwanda no kubakoma mu nkokora mu bucuruzi bikoreraga. Bongere bumve amaganya Perezida Kagame asiga mu turere yasuye, kuko aba adashobora gukemura ibibazo by’imibereho politiki ye yateje, kandi hakaba nta wundi ufite uburenganzira bwo kubikemura, usibye we wenyine. Nibabanze babaze abagarutse mu gihugu uko bamerewe, maze biyumvishe ko imigirire nk’iyi nta cyiza ishakira impunzi. Nimutekereze rero umuntu aramutse ashutswe akaza, bakamucira aho bashatse, nta bushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma, bizaba bihindutse nko kugira izo mpunzi imfungwa mu cyakagombye kuba igihugu cyabo. Impunzi rero zisabwe gushishoza, zikabanza zikabona amakuru ahagije, mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo gutaha, kuko bizoroha gucyurwa ushutswe; ariko bizagorana gusubira mu buhungiro warageze mu Rwanda.
None se ko nshimye ko Leta iha amafaranga na telefoni n’ubwisungane impunzi ishaka gucyura, ikora iki iyo abanyarwanda bishyize hamwe nko mu mashyaka bakayibwira ko bagiye gutaha? Ikizwi ni uko ikora uko ishoboye ikababuza epfo na ruguru. Abatwaranyije bakagera mu gihugu bakisanga bakwijwe mu magereza, kuko kubabonera ibyaha byihuta cyane.
Impamvu nta yindi ni uko kugeza ubu u Rwanda rwashyize mu bantu ko amashyaka yashingiwe mu buhungiro ngo ari amashyaka y’abanzi. Umuntu akibaza ati bishoboka bite ko Leta yakwakira umuntu waciriwe urubanza kubera ko yagize uruhare muri jenoside, ikirirwa imutembereza imurindira umutekano aho agiye hose, ariko igatinya kuvugana n’umuntu weruye akavuga ko afitiye abanyarwanda umushinga wa politiki, wafasha kuzamura imiyoborere ndetse n’ubukungu? Ni iki cyemeza ko FPR ari yo ifite imiyoborere myiza, kuki idashobora gutinyuka guhangana n’andi mashyaka, usibye ayo itwikiriye mu mutaka wayo? Iki ni cyo kibazo cy’u Rwanda: Kagame na FPR ye bafite ubwoba bwa demokarasi, bakirirwa barindagiza abanyarwanda, kuko bazi ko nta cyo babamariye, usibye za ndirimbo n’inyikirizo ngo bazanye ubuyobozi bwiza. Bwa hehe? Ariko se bakeka ko abanyarwanda bazakomeza bakabuzwa uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo abayobozi, bagahatirwa abakada ba FPR kugeza ryari?
Mu Rwanda ubwaho hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko byatinda byatebuka abanyarwanda bazikemurira ibibazo. Ngira ngo urugendo Perezida Kagame yagiriye mu Mutara kuri 13 Gasyantare 2017, rwamweretse ko ingufu za rubanda rubabaye zishobora no kumuvugisha menshi. Akababaro yumvanye abaturage bari bishwe n’agahinda ko kumubona ataha atabarangirije ibibazo, kandi ari byo yari yarabamenyereje, nubwo na byo atari byo, byari bikwiye gutuma ahindura imikorere. Niba batangiye kumutinyuka mu gihe bamufataga nk’utavuguruzwa, wakongeraho n’uko basigaye bahangara n’abo yahaye intwaro ngo babacecekeshe, ni ho wumva ko n’aya mayeri yo gutahura impunzi nta cyo azageraho. Nimwiyumvire uko aba baturage ba Kirehe bahangana n’aba Dasso baje kubasenyera amazu.
Nyuma y’aya magambo mwiyumviye, nagira ngo ngire ikintu gito nabwira abanyarwanda muri rusange, n’impunzi z’abanyarwanda ku buryo bw’umwihariko, ndetse n’abategetsi. Abanyarwanda bagombye kumenya ko inzangano Leta irimo gukomeza kubiba mu banyarwanda, ibacamo ibice, ari ikintu bari bakwiriye kugendera kure, bagaharanira icyabahuza batitaye ku byo abanyapolitiki babi babashyiramo. Impunzi ku buryo bw’umwihariko nabasaba kubanza bagashishoza, bagakusanya amakuru, mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kurangiza ubuhunzi bwabo bashukishijwe ubuhendabana. Nagira ngo nabwire impunzi ko hari ibindi byihishe inyuma y’izi ngirwa mpuhwe; cyane cyane inyungu z’ubucuruzi.
Ni nde wakumva uko Airtel yakwiyemeza gutanga telefoni na sim card ku mpunzi itahutse, nta nyungu iyo sosiyeti ikurikiranye? Ariko biroroshye kubyumva, kuko niba uhawe iyo telefoni uhise uhinduka umufatabuguzi wa Airtel. Ntugize n’igihe cyo kwihitiramo mu masosiyete acuruza itumanaho aba mu Rwanda, baguhambiriye kuri Airtel. Si ibyo gusa, kuko n’iyo Banki I&M niba izakubikira ya mafaranga ni iki kikwemeza ko udahawe konti muri iyo banki, utagize amahitamo no mu yandi mabanki? Aha harakomeye ni ngombwa kuhibaza cyane mbere yo kwakira ubwo buhendabana. Ahasigaye amahitamo ni ayawe, uramutse wumvise unyuzwe n’ibyo uzi n’ibindi ubwirwa.
Abategetsi bo nababwira ko igihe kirimo kwihuta kinabashirana, ko bari bakwiye guhindura imitekerereze yabo, bakareka kwirirwa bahendahenda impunzi, ahubwo bagashyiraho uburyo bufunguye bwa kidemokarasi, bwo kureka abanyarwanda bakagira uruhare rugaragara mu gihugu cyabo, nta nkunzi nta gasuzuguro, bakagira igihe cyo kureka abanyarwanda bose, ababishaka bakaza mu gihugu, bagakora politiki, ntiharirwe ngo abitwa intore. Abanyarwanda bose ntibagomba kuba intore, kimwe n’uko batagomba gukorera politiki mu mutaka wa Forum. Ibi birarambiranye bigomba kuvaho. Tukaba twizera ko bidatinze impinduka nziza dutegereje zizagerwaho.
