Yanditswe na Emmanuel Senga
Muri iki kinyamakuru “Umunyamakuru” hamaze gusohokamo inyandiko zigera kuri eshatu mu gihe cyegeranye cyane, kandi zose zigamije gukebura abanyarwanda ngo batekereze kurushsho icyakorwa ngo urugamba rwa demokarasi no kurengera uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu bigerweho.
Igitekerezo cyatangiranye no kugeza ku basomyi imigabo n’imigambi y’impuzamashyaka P5, yerekanye ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi yifuriza u Rwanda, ari byo gushyikirana binyuze mu biganiro, no gushyiraho Komisiyo ishinzwe kwiga ku “Ukuri, ubutabera n’ubwiyunge”. Izi ni zo ngingo nshyashya umuntu yavuga ko zihariwe n’iyi mpuzamashyaka, hatirengagijwe n’ayandi mahame ya demokarasi amashyaka yose n’amashyirahamwe ahuriyeho.
Igitekerezo cyaje gukomezwa na Bwana JB Rugamba mu nyandiko ye yise “Ikibazo cy’ingutu kigonga amashyaka aharanira impinduka mu Rwanda’. Iyo usomye iyi nyandiko usanga Bwana JB Rugamba atanga umuti wo guhera ibibazo by’u Rwanda mu mizi, maze abantu bakagaragaza icyakorwa ngo u Rwanda rube igihugu cyubahiriza amategeko n’uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu, hatabaye ibisubizo bya nyirarureshwa bisubiza igihugu mu kandare abantu baba bashaka ko karangira burundu; bityo gukomeza kwivuruguta mu bibazo bigenda bigaruka bikarangira burundu.
Inyandiko ya nyuma kuri iyi nsanganyamatsiko ni iyatangajwe na Bwana Jean Paul Ndindamahina mu nyandiko ye yise Igitekerezo ku nyandiko ya JB Rugamba, aho agaragaza abantu bane yemera nk’intwari za demokarasi muri iki gihe: Déo Mushayidi, Bernard Ntaganda, Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza na Thomas Nahimana kubera ko batinyutse bakegera igitugu bakakireba mu maso, na cyo nk’uko gisanzwe kikabagirira nabi.
Bwana JP Ndindamahina yemeza ko hagomba kuboneka ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya iki gitugu, hadakoreshejwe intambara, hagakoreshwa inzira za kidemokarasi zisaba mbere na mbere kumenya igitegereje uyihisemo. Atanga ibintu bitatu umuntu wiyemeje kugerageza iyi nzira agomba kumenya kandi akabikoresha, birimo kwiga ingengabitekerezo y’igihugu; kurwanira imbere mu gihugu urwana ku nyungu z’abaturage ari na ko ubaha ijwi, no kwitegura kumara igihe kirekire ubabazwa, kuko intambara ya demokarasi ibabaza kurusha iy’amasasu.
Maze gusoma ibikubiye muri izi nyandiko, nibajije icyo nanjye nk’umusomyi nakongeraho? Mpereye ku byo bagenzi banjye banditse n’ibyo na njye nemera, ndagira ngo nongereho ibitekerezo bikeya bigamije kwerekana ko abantu bafashe igihe gihagije bagatekereza ku bibazo nyabyo by’igihugu, badatwawe n’indonke, ahubwo bakayoborwa no gushaka icyagirira abaturage akamaro, kikavana u Rwanda muri uru ruziga rw’ibibazo duhoramo, bashyira bakabigeraho kandi igihe ni iki. Ndagerageza mu ngingo nkeya cyane kwerekana ibitakagombye kwibagirana muri ubu bushake bwo kurangiza ibibazo by’u Rwanda byabaye karande, ngo hato nka wa mugani urwatunaniye tuzarurage urubyaro rwacu, kandi rwo nta ruhare rwabigizemo.
Amashyaka menshi, ikibazo kimwe.
Ikibazo nyacyo u Rwanda rufite ni ikibazo cya demokarasi n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu. Iki kibazo kibonye igisubizo n’ibindi bigishamikiyeho byaba bicogojwe. Kuba u Rwanda ruri aho ruri ubu, ni ukubera ko nta na rimwe mu butegetsi bwabayeho higeze harebwa izi nkingi uko ari ebyiri; demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu. Kuva ku butegetsi bwa cyami tugana kuri Repubulika, buri gihe habayeho impinduka zitigeze zishishikazwa no kwiga ikibazo cy’imiyoborere y’u Rwanda. Mbere y’uko ikibazo cy’u Rwanda kiba icya demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu, ikibazo ni icy’amoko. Mu by’ukuri si amoko Hutu-Tutsi-Twa nk’uko bigaragara, ahubwo ni icyo abanyapolitiki babikoresha. Ndemeza ko u Rwanda rwemeye ko mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, z’umutekano n’ahandi hose hajyamo abashingwa iyo mirimo hakurikijwe ubushobozi gusa, kandi ubwo bushobozi bugashingira ku mategeko yumvikana kandi agakurikizwa, ukosheje agahanwa, n’ikibazo cy’amoko cyarangira. Muri iki gihe, icyo tubona mu Rwanda hari abantu b’abanyaryenge bashaka gukandamiza abandi bitwa ngo barabayoboye, ariko mu by’ukuri birebera inyungu zabo, babona ko bizagaragara bagashyiramo abo bahuje ubwoko, akarere, inkomoko n’ibind mu rwego rwo kujijisha. Habonetse indi myumvire ishingiye ku mategeko ibi byose ntibyaboneka. Ikibazo rero gihita kizamuka: ni ryari ibi bizashoboka mu gihe kugira ngo umuntu ushaka gukirira ku bandi abaheza muri iyi mitekerereze y’inzangano, yikikiza inzego z’umutekano zimurinda zitaretse kwica no guhohotera abandi? Iyi ngingo ni yo igomba gushingirwaho imishyikirano iyo ari yo yose.
Amashyaka yakagombye kureba uko yashyikirana, akiga uko yahana ukuboko muri uru rugendo rwa demokarasi.
Nubwo dufite amashyaka n’amashyirahamwe menshi anyuranye, ariko yose yemera ko ikibazo ubu u Rwanda rufite ari imiyoborere. Guhindura iyo miyoborere birayasaba gukora bareba mu cyerecyezo kimwe. Ibi ntibivuga ko hagomba impuzamashyaka imwe ihuza amashyaka yose, ahubwo biravuga ko hagomba guteganywa urwego ayo mashyaka n’amashyirahamwe yakoreramo. Hakavaho imyumvire ishaka ko buri shyaka, shyirahamwe rikorera mu nguni yaryo, nta ho rihuriye n’ayandi. Uburyo bwo gushaka ” gutanga abandi umushi’ bukavaho, kuko mbere yo gutekereza iyo myanya, icyagombye gutekerezwa ni uburyo bwo kubona igihugu mbere na mbere. Ibi rero birasaba kuva mu myiryane no gusuzugurana biboneka mu mashyaka n’amashyirahamwe yacu, kuko imigirire nk’iyi itiza umurindi uwo duhanganye kandi ikaduca intege twese, ikanajijisha abanyarwanda muri rusange.
Urugero rwerekana ko ibi bikwiye gutekerezwaho vuba na bwangu ruturi hafi: duhereye ku byabaye kuri Padiri Thomas Nahimana n’ikipe ye, biba byaragenze bite iyo baba ari amashyaka arenga 10 yafashe icyo cyemezo umunsi umwe akagishyira mu bikorwa, bose bakamanukira rimwe? Tuvuge ko Kagame yari kubasubiza inyuma, ariko byari kumubangamira kurushaho ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Aho atinyuka kubeshyera Padiri Thomas Nahimana ko adafite ibyangombwa cyangwa ko agendana ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, byari kumugora kubisobanura ku bantu b’abanyarwanda benshi batashye iwabo batitwaje intwaro, baturutse imihanda yose, bajyanywe no kubaka igihugu cyabo mu rwego rwa politiki.
Ikindi kibazo kitagomba kwibagirana ni ikibazo cy’inzego z’umutekano. Aha ni ahantu hagomba gusuzumanwa ubushishozi buhagije abantu ntibazagwe mu mutego wa Perezida Melchior Ndadaye i Burundi watowe kidemokarasi, ariko akaza kwisanga arinzwe cyangwa anekerwa n’inzego za Buyoya. Uko byagenze murabizi. Aha hakwiye gutekerezwa cyane, abantu ntibitiranye za demokarasi tubamo hanze n’igitugu cy’ibihugu by’Afurika, aho usanga umusirikari aho kuba uw’igihugu yitwara nk’aho ari uwa Perezida wa Repubulika. Birumvikana ko uwatorwa uwo ari we wese yagirana ibibazo n’izi nzego z’igisirikari. Murumva ko iyi mikorere koko isaba abanyamashyaka kwegera abaturage, bakabatinyura, abagomba kwigishwa no guhugurwa bigakorwa. Birasaba rero kwiga uko byagerwaho mu gihe mu gihugu Perezida uri ku butegetsi ubu yitiranya u Rwanda n’inzu yiyubakiye, bityo ngo ushatse kuruzamo akagomba kubihererwa uruhushya. Sinshidikanya ko uburyo buzaboneka bwo kumwumvisha bidasubirwaho ko u Rwanda ari urw’abanyarwanda, ko ntawe uzagomba imbabazi ze ngo atahe iwabo.
Reka ndangirize ku yindi ngingo itagomba kwibagirana nubwo umusaruro wayo ukunze kuba mutoya, ni ingingo y’icyo bita Umuryango mpuzamahanga (Communauté Internationale). Nubwo tuzi neza ko kuzana demokarasi mu Rwanda bireba mbere na mbere abanyarwanda, ariko kubera ko ububanyi n’amahanga ari isoko nk’irindi ryose, tugomba no gushaka abaterankunga b’amahanga. Ni yo mpamvu amashyaka/amashyirahamwe agomba gukomeza gutsura umubano n’amahanga, kabone n’iyo nta gihugu afite ngo arakora amasezerano, ariko urwego rw’ububanyi n’amahanga (diplomatie) rugomba gukomeza gukora. Icya nyuma narangirizaho ni ukugaragaza ko igitugu kiri mu Rwanda nubwo cyica, ariko ni ikindi cyanzu gifunguye, kuko gitegura abaturage kuzakira izindi mpinduka binyuze muri bya bindi JP Ndindamahina yise “guha ijwi abaturage”, mu yandi magambo ni ukubereka ibibazo barimo n’aho bituruka, bityo bagashira ubwoba bwo kubivuga. Muri iki gihe icyo tubona ni iterabwoba ribabuza gutekereza no kuvuga ibibazo byabo, ariko ni ko abanyagitugu bose bakora, gusa byihutisha amaherezo yabo. Nk’abagize Imana yo kubona amahirwe yo gutekereza no kureba kure, turasabwa byinshi kandi tugakora ibishoboka byose inama tujya tukihutira kuzishyira mu bikorwa, bityo tugakomeza gutera intambwe igana ibisubizo nyabyo by’igihugu cyacu. Ndahamya ko twese dushyize hamwe tukagira umugambi umwe, n’ibisubizo byatinda ariko bikaboneka. Mukomeze rero ubumwe n’umurava, tuzatsinda.
