Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira) abajijwe impamvu atasubira mu Rwanda nk’abandi banyarwanda ubutegetsi bwari bwemereye gutaha, yasubije ko hagomba gusuzumwa ikibazo cy’umutekano we, ariko mbere na mbere abanyarwanda bakemeza ko yagaruka nk’Umwami uganje (Roi Constitutionnel) nk’uko yimitswe abisinyiye, binyujijwe muri Kamarampaka. Kagame na we asobanura ikibazo cy’Umwami Kigeli V, ati: “namubwiye ko yataha nk’abandi banyarwanda, hanyuma igihugu kikamuha ubufasha yakenera.” Ngiri ipfundo ry’ikibazo cy’Umwami n’itabarizwa ry’umugogo we.
Tutagiye mu mateka maremare ahera ku iyimikwa rya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa kuri 28/7/1959, asimbuye Mutara III Rudahigwa wari umaze gutanga aguye i Bujumbura kuri 25/7/1959, tukareba gusa ubwoko bw’ubwami Kigeli yari asigiwe, dusanga bwari butandukanye n’abandi bami bari baramubanjirije. Abandi bari barabaye abami Nyiringoma, Nyirurwanda (absolu), ariko kuva abazungu bagera mu Rwanda, cyane cyane ababirigi, ubutegetsi bwa cyami bwahinduye isura. Umwami ntiyari agifite ububasha bwo gutanga uwo ashatse ngo yicwe, ibyo yakoraga byose yagombaga kubyumvikanaho n’uwari uhagarariye ubutegetsi bw’Ububiligi mu Rwanda. Kabone nubwo Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yari yarimitswe asinyiye kuzaba Umwami uganje (Roi Constitutionnel# Roi absolu), yagiye mu buhungiro bitarashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Umwami uganje bivuga iki? Ndagira ngo twese twumve, duhereye ku ngero tubona hirya hino ku isi, icyo umwami uganje bisobanura. Mu bihugu bigendera ku butegetsi bwa cyami, haba hari umuryango w’i Bwami utorwamo abami uko basimburana, bikabera mu nzu y’i Bwami, bigenwe ku buryo buziranyweho na bene byo. Ku rundi ruhande, mu buyobozi bw’igihugu, haba hari Minisitiri w’Intebe uyobora Leta, akaba ari na we userukira igihugu cye nka Perezida wacyo. Ni ukuvuga ko muri ubu bwoko bw’ubwami, nta witwa Perezida, ntigishobora kwitwa Repubulika, kandi guverinoma igakomoka mu mashyaka, Minisitiri w’Intebe agatangwa n’ishyaka ryatsindiye amatora hejuru kurusha ayandi.
Mu Rwanda rero bimeze bite?
Guhera ku itariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961, umunsi wa Kamarampaka, aho abanyarwanda bahitishijwemo hagati ya Repubulika n’Ubwami bagahitamo Repubulika, cyami yarasezerewe ndetse bagerekaho ko n’Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa na we avuyeho. Kuri 28 Mutarama 1961, i Gitarama, ingoma ya cyami na Karinga bivanwaho ku mugaragaro, hashingwa Repubulika.
Ikitumvikana kugeza ubu ni uko umwami yagumye kwiyita umuyobozi w’igihugu kitakiri ubwami, yishyiramo ko azakomeza imihango yose ya cyami, harimo no kuzasiga uzamusimbura ku bwami aramutse atanze, ariko ibi akabikora yirengagiza ko abanyarwanda bahisemo, ko kugira ngo bongere guhindura ubutegetsi byasaba indi Kamarampaka.
Gutanga k’umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa ni inkuru ibabaje cyane ni byo. Ariko kubyuriraho ngo abagitsimbaraye ku bwami basabe ko bwakongera bugahabwa intebe mu Rwanda, kwaba ari ukwirengagiza amateka. Koko ubwami bwayoboye u Rwanda igihe kinini cyane (imyaka irenga 400), ariko ikindi kizwi ni uko ku ngoma y’ubwami habayeho akarengane gakabije, karimo ingoyi, uburetwa, agasuzuguro ndetse no kwicwa byakorerwaga cyane ubwoko bw’abahutu bafatwaga nk’abagaragu n’abaja b’abatutsi. Ku ngoma ya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa ntawakwirengagiza ko mu ngabo zari zimushyigikiye, harimo izitwa ingabo z’umwami zishe abarwanashyaka ba Parimehutu batagira ingano, kimwe n’uko abagabye ibitero, bitwa inyenzi ( Ingangurarugo ziyemeje kuba Ingenzi) kuva u Rwanda rwabona ubwigenge kugeza muri 1967, bose baharaniraga kugarura ubwami. Nta na hamwe Kigeli yigeze ahosha ibi bitero, ahubwo yarabyenyegezaga, kubera ko yari ategereje ko bamugarura ku bwami. Iyo avuga ko akunda abanyarwanda bose ni ukwirengagiza izi ngero.
Abanyarwanda rero, cyane aba ba rubanda rugufi b’abahutu n’abatutsi, bariruhukije ibi bitero bineshejwe burundu, gutyo banatekereza ko n’Umwami atsinzwe burundu. Ndavuga gutsindwa kuko abanyarwanda bamufataga nk’ubiri inyuma.
Ukuri ni ukuhe?
Ihunga ry’umwami, kimwe n’ibirongozi bye byari bikomeye mu butegetsi bwa cyami kimwe n’abandi batutsi, ryateye intambara mu mitima y’abanyarwanda batahise bakira ibyo byari bibaye- guhunga k’umwami- haba mu bari basigaye mu Rwanda amoko yombi, baba se mu bari bahunze cyane bari bagizwe n’abatutsi. Repubulika yasimbuye ubwami yakomeje kuzamura ibyaha by’ubwami birimo cyane cyane gusumbanya abanyarwanda hitwajwe ivanguramoko, mu gihe Umwami we atigeze na rimwe yemera ko ubwami bwavuyeho, ku buryo ubuzima bwe bwose yaburangije akiyumvamo kuba umwami w’u Rwanda. Kubera uburyo yimikwaga biturutse ku migenzo y’abiru, nta na rimwe yigeze yemera ko ubwami bwahagaritswe ku buryo bwa burundu, nyamara abanyarwanda bari baratoye ko bahisemo Repubulika. Ni na yo mpamvu ubwo Radio BBC yabazaga Umwami Kigeli niba yemera Repubulika, yashubije adategwa ahamya ko we akiyumva nk’umwami uganje, bityo ubwami bwe ntibwashoboraga kubangikana na Repubulika; ndetse yongeragaho ko kugira ngo ikibazo cye kibonerwe igisubizo nyacyo, yifuzaga ko ubutegetsi buriho bwakoresha indi “referendum”, kugira ngo haboneke igisubizo kivuye mu baturage.
Ariko, icyo iyi myemerere yibagiwe nkana ni uko nta Mwami ubangikana na Perezida mu gihugu, akaba ari na yo mpamvu Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa atigeze yumvikana n’ubutegetsi ubwo ari bwo bwose, kuva ku bwa Kayibanda kugera ku bwa Kagame. kuko we yemeza ko adashobora gutaha bitanyuze mu kwemeza ko azakomeza kuba umwami uganje. Yari azamuye ikibazo kigoye kurangiza, kuko umwami Kigeli yari yaranze kuva ku izima, akumva hagomba kuba indi Referendum ngo imwemeze. Ariko se koko hari umuntu wagaketse ko u Rwanda rwava ku rwego rwa Repubulika rukagaruka ku bwami? Kuba Umwami KigeliV Ndahindurwa yaraburanaga ko yasinyiye kuba umwami uganje nta cyo byashoboraga guhindura mu myumvire y’abanyarwanda basanzwe, batigeze bamenya ubwo bwoko bw’umwami uganje, icyari kikibari mu mutwe ni uko bari barashegeshwe n’ubwami bari barasezereye. Ku ruhande rw’abategetsi bo ntabwo bashoboraga kubwakira, kuko ibi byavugaga ko nta na rimwe umunyarwanda azongera gutekereza kuba perezida w’u Rwanda. Iri ni ryo pfundo ripfunditse uku kutumvikana hagati y’umwami Kigeli V n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda.
Kuba Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa atangiye mu mahanga ni ikibazo koko gikomeye, ariko rero sinzi uwari gushobora guteganya ukundi byari kugenda, mu gihe nyir’ubwite atashoboraga kwiyemeza ngo ave ku izima, maze ngo abe umwami nk’abo tubona mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika; Kongo, Uganda, Tanzaniya…abami b’imiryango cyangwa bo mu rwego rw’umuco, bityo ashobore gutaha mu Rwanda.
Hakorwa iki ngo atabarizwe nta ngorane zindi biteye?
Ikibazo cyo gutanga k’umwami cyashoboraga kudatera impagarara, kuko kuba atanze atari mu gihugu cye, u Rwanda nta ruhare rwakagombye kugira rumukurikirana ngo rumutabarize mu Rwanda, kuko yabayeho nk’impunzi kandi akaba atangiye mu buhunzi. Umugagara Leta y’u Rwanda ishyira mu gushaka gutabariza umugogo we mu Rwanda, bihishe ayandi macenga ya politiki, kurusha uko bisa n’ urukundo rw’igihugu gikunda umwami wacyo. Icyo twanenga cyane ndetse ni uko hatigeze haba ibiganiro byeruye ngo bijye ahagaragara basobanurire abanyarwanda n’umwami ubwe izi mpamvu tumaze kugaragaza, zidashobora kubangikanya Repubulika n’Ubwami. Ni yo mpamvu uwatekereza ko impamvu itera Leta y’u Rwanda kwiruka ku mugogo w’umwami, ngo utabarizwe mu Rwanda ari ukugira ngo ishyire akadomo ku ngoma ya cyami, ntiyaba yibeshye. Bikaba ari na byo bikomeje gukurura impaka, kubera ko Leta idasobanura impamvu zayo, kandi iramutse ibigize byakumvikana kurusha kubikora yihishe inyuma y’umuryango w’umwami cyangwa se ikoresha imvugo iningura nk’iyo Perezida Kagame aherutse gukoresha avuga ko ngo kuba yarabwiye umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa ko yatahuka nk’abandi banyarwanda, ko yagaragaye nk’ukosheje ngo kuko umwami ashaka kuba hejuru yabo. Iyo Kagame aba umuyobozi nyawe koko, aba yarahereye hariya akamwumvisha iryo tandukaniro mu mibangikane y’Ubwami na Repubulika mu gihugu kimwe. Ntiyabigize rero, ahubwo yagiye kumuningura nk’aho yatangije impaka zo gusobanura icyo kibazo umwami atiyumvishaga. Birababaje ariko rero byari bikwiye kurangira. Turakomeza kubikurikirira hafi.
Emmanuel Senga
Perezida Kagame asobanura ko yari yarashishikarije umwami gutahuka:
Nyamara umwami Kigeli V yari yarasobanuye ko atizeye umutekano we mu Rwanda:
