5/03/2018, Yanditswe na Amiel Nkuliza
Mu mwiherero ngarukamwaka wo ku nshuro ya 15, umwiherero wahuriwe mo abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu ndetse n’abo mu nzego z’ibanze, perezida Kagame ntacyo atakoze ngo yereke abo bayobozi bose ko ntaho batandukaniye n’abakozi bo mu rugo iwe.
Uyu mwiherero, watangiye kuva taliki ya 26 z’ukwezi kwa kabiri, ukarangira taliki ya mbere z’ukwezi kwa gatatu 2018 i Gabiro, Perezida Kagame nta kindi yawukoze mo uretse gutoteza no gusuzugura (humiliation) abari bawitabiriye uko bakabaye.
Avuga ku bibazo abaturage bafite, ibibazo bishingiye ku mibereho mibi: inzara, ubukene no kurwara amavunja, perezida Kagame yifatiye ku gahanga abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, aho yagiraga ati: «nimumbwire ukuntu abana batabona uburere bubakwiye, uburere bushingiye ku mirire, kugeza n’aho barwara amavunja? Mwabuze iki?»
Paul Kagame mu umushyikirano wa 15 i Gabiro
Iki kibazo cyabazwaga abayobozi b’uturere (amakomini ya kera), uko bari aho bose, batinye kugira icyo bakivugaho, kugeza n’ubwo abegereye, abatunga mikoro, nyamara bakomeza kuruca no kurumira. Mu guhatwa ibibazo, ibibazo bikarishye nk’ibibazwa umukozi wo mu rugo utatekeye abana, cyangwa utakubuye inzu, perezida Kagame yarihanukiriye ababwira ko niba badashubije ku byo babazwa, batari buve ahongaho, ko abandi bari butahe ariko bo bagafungirwa kuri izo ntebe bicayeho.
Nyuma y’uko ubwoba butashye izo ngirwabayobozi, imwe muri zo yagize iti: «Nyakubahwa perezida wa Repubulika, turasaba imbabazi ko twarangaye, ko tutashoboye gukemura icyo kibazo cy’abaturage mu gihe gikwiye».
Mu gutontoma nk’intare ishonje, Kagame yabaye nk’ucururuka ariko yongera kubaza abandi bayobozi niba nta wundi muri bo ukwiye kugira icyo yongeraho, kuri icyo kibazo. Ubwoba bwagaragaraga ku munwa no mu maso, bwatumye abandi bayobozi babiri bafata mikoro, umwe ati «tugiye kuva mu biro twegere abaturage», undi ati «nk’uko mugenzi wanjye amaze kubivuga, mu kwezi kwa gatanu tuzaba twarangije gukemura icyo kibazo».
Ibibazo ntibyarangiriye aho kuko Kagame yakomeje kwikoma abayobozi bose bari aho, yerekana ko iyo yiteguye gusura uturere (amakomini) bayobora, ari bwo bakora imihanda yamugenewe gusa. Ati «Iyo ngiye gusura abaturage, nsanga imihanda imaze imyaka idakorwa, inyerera. Izo mbaraga zituruka he, ko zidaturuka mu biro bya perezida wa Repubulika»?
Kagame, mu by’ukuri utarabonye igisubizo yashakaga kumva, yabaye nk’ugira isoni zo gufata abayobozi nk’abana b’ibitambambuga cyangwa nk’abakozi bo mu rugo, maze abonera ho umwanya wo kuvuga ko noneho agiye kubonana n’abo yita abaministazi (ministers). «Ubu ngiye kubonana n’aba baministers, ntibandusha imbaraga».
Kwikoma abagize guverinoma ye byari nko kwerekana ko ibibazo abaturage bafite bidashingiye gusa ku nzego z’ibanze, ko ahubwo binaturuka mu buyobozi bukuru, cyane cyane muri za minisiteri. N’ubwo ngo zitukwa mo nkuru, nyamara umenya atari na byo kuko n’abo baminisitiri bagendera kuri gahunda ya Leta, politiki badafite mo urwinyagamburiro cyangwa kuyinenga, cyane cyane ko ari yo ibakamira. Byumvikane neza ko nta muminisitiri ushobora guca ukubiri na gahunda za Leta, kandi na we ari mu bagize iyo Leta.
Politiki mbi y’ubuhinzi: impamvu nyamukuru y’inzara mu baturage
Iyo umuntu yitegereje uburyo Kagame yifatiraga ku gahanga abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, uhita ubona ko na we yirengagiza ko politiki ubutegetsi bwe bwashyizeho nta kindi igamije, uretse gukenesha no kwicisha abaturage inzara.
FPR yashyizeho gahunda yo gutegeka abaturage guhinga igihingwa kimwe (ibigori), inashyiraho abantu bayo bazajya bagura ku ngufu ibyo bihingwa (ibigori) ku giciro gitoya. Iyo politiki, imaze igihe mu gihugu, yatumye abaturage bagwa umudari, kubera ko aho bagurisha ibyo bigori, barahindukira bakajya kubigura yo na none iyo bakeneye imbuto yabyo, kandi bakabigura ku giciro kiri hejuru, ugereranije n’icyo bahawe mu kubigurisha yo.
Ibi bivuze ko nta muturage ufite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha imyaka ye mu isoko ashaka, kuko ubutegetsi bwa FPR butabimwemerera. Ingaruka y’ibi byose ni uko rubanda ihora ishonje, atari ukubera ko iyi rubanda yagurishije imyaka yayo kuri make, ahubwo ari ukubera ko ibigori bategekwa guhinga byonyine, bidakemura ikibazo cy’inzara ibugarije.
Ikindi ni uko ibigori bidashobora guhingwa no kwera ahantu hose mu gihugu. Ni ukuvuga ngo niba isambu isanzwe yera ibijumba cyangwa imyumbati, ibishyimbo n’amasaka, noneho umuturage agategekwa kuyihinga mo ibigori gusa, nta gushidikanya ko guhangana n’ibibazo by’inzara bitazamworohera.
Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, nubwo na bwo ntaho bwari butandukaniye cyane n’ubw’inkotanyi, byibura bwahaga uburenganzira umuturage agahinga ibyo ashaka, bijyanye n’imiterere y’isambu ye. Uretse kureka umuturage akishyira akizana ku bimutunga, ubu butegetsi bwari bwaranashyizeho gahunda yo gufasha abaturage kurwanya isuri no guhemba abafashaga aba baturage kubigira (kwiga) igihingwa cyera mu masambu yabo. Aba bakozi, bitwaga abajyanama b’ubuhinzi (moniteurs agricoles), bazengurukaga icyaro cyose, bigisha abaturage uburyo bwo kurinda ubutaka n’ibihingwa bibuhingwa mo. Ibi bikaba bitandukanye cyane n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR, bwivanga mu mibereho ya buri muturage no kumushishikariza gutindahara kugeza ubwo yicwa n’amavunja.
Ntawe uburana n’umuhamba!
Tugarutse ku mwiherero w’abayobozi ba Kagame i Gabiro, kuba barabuze igisubizo gifatika bamuha, si uko batari bagifite. Aba bayobozi ni bo mu by’ukuri bari hafi ya rubanda rwicwa n’inzara, rukarwara n’amavunja, ibi kubera politiki y’ubugome n’ubutindi ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwimakaje mu gihugu.
Abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze ni bo bazi neza ko politiki y’ubuhinzi ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwashyizeho, itagize icyo imariye rubanda, uretse kuyicisha inzara. Kuba rero nta gisubizo batanze ubwo Kagame yabotsaga igitugu, ni bya bindi bishingiye kuri wa mugani wa kinyarwanda ngo «ntawe uburana n’umuhamba».
Kurwara amavunja ku muturage w’uyu munsi, ibisobanuro byabyo ni uko uyu muturage aho yakuraga agafaranga ko kugura agasabune ko koga no kumesa, atakihabona. Niba rubanda idashobora gutungwa n’ibyo yejeje ngo isagurire n’amasoko, nta gushidikanya ko iyi rubanda n’ubundi izahora yitora inda!
Igiteye inkeke n’impungenge muri ibi bibazo bya Kagame ku bayobozi b’inzego ze z’ibanze, ni uko yirengagiza politiki ye mbi y’ubuhinzi, agahitamo kuyihirikira abayobozi b’uturere (amakomini), batagize aho bahuriye na yo. Iyi politiki ya Kagame ni yo ahanini abamurwanya bashingiraho, bavuga ko Kagame yiyerekana imbere y’abaturage nk’umuntu ufite icyo abamariye, nyamara imikorere ye itandukanye cyane n’uko ateye, n’uko atekereza: kubamara buhoro buhoro, bishwe n’umudari.
Hari umwe mu bamurwanya wavuze ko Kagame iyo umwitegereje ahagaze, umukeka mo umugabo mwiza, nyamara imikorere n’imivugire ye mu kuyobora igihugu ikaba itandukanye cyane n’ubumuntu, ubumuntu bwagombye kuranga mwene muntu.
«Uwo nzongera kubona ashagawe, nzamurasa», Paul Kagame
Iri na ryo ni ijambo ryivugiwe na perezida Kagame, ubwo yasozaga umwiherero ngarukamwaka wo ku nshuro ya 15 i Gabiro. Aha yikomaga abaminisitiri be ngo bifata nk’utumana, iyo bavuye mu butumwa bw’akazi, bagera ku kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe bagashagarwa n’inzego z’umutekano, zaba izikorera ku kibuga cy’indege, zaba n’inzego z’ubuyobozi bwa kompanyi y’indege «Rwanda Airlines», abo ba minisitiri baba basohotse mo.
Nubwo rimwe na rimwe ibyo Kagame aba avuga ari ukuri, nyamara uburyo abivuga mo ni bwo buteye ishozi. Kuvuga ku mugaragaro ngo niyongera kubona umuminisitiri bamushagaye azahita amurasa, ni ikimenyetso cy’uko ubutegetsi bwe bushaje. Ni nko kwerekana ko abo baminisitiri yakomeje kubihaniza mu ibanga ry’akazi, ariko bakaba baranze kumwumva, none igihe kikaba kigeze cyo kubashyira ku karubanda.
Birasanzwe ko abagize guverinoma, rimwe na rimwe baba batumva neza politiki bakorera mo iyo ari yo, noneho bagahitamo gukora ibyo bashatse kugira ngo bananize uwabashyizeho. Ibi iyo ari uko bimeze, ni byo bibyara kwivumbura ku butegetsi, ababugize bakivumburira mu mashyaka aburwanya (iyo ariho), cyangwa bakagana inzira y’ishyamba kuburwanyiriza yo.
Mbere y’uko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana busandara, ababugize na bo ni uko bari bameze. Bwari mo abaminisitiri basinya za «documents» zikomeye batabanje kuzisoma, bwarimo abasirikari bari bararambiwe politiki y’ubutegetsi yari ishingiye ku ishyaka rimwe rukumbi, no gutonesha, ku buryo bugaragara, abo mu karere kamwe k’igihugu. Aba bose Habyarimana yitaga abayobozi be ba hafi, ni na bo barimo abamutezaga inkotanyi, bitabuze no kuziyoboka mu ibanga, mu rwego rwo kumugambanira. Icyo ibi byose byabyaye, ni aka kajagari kari mu butegetsi bw’iki gihe bw’inkotanyi, rubanda ishobora kuzasohoka mo yiyushye akuya.
Gushidikanya ko Kagame ageze mu gihe nk’icyo Habyarimana yari ageze mo mbere y’uko amwica, ni ukutamenya gushishoza no gushungura amateka y’ubuyobozi bw’abasazi bayoboye u Rwanda, abayobozi ba MRND n’aba FPR-Inkotanyi b’iki gihe.
Ikigaragaza ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR na bwo bunaniwe, ni uko n’ibinyamakuru bwishyiriyeho ngo bibubere imizindaro, na byo bisigaye bitazi neza umurongo bigomba gukorera mo uwo ari wo.
Ubwo Perezida Kagame yivugiraga (adategwa) ko niyongera kubona umuminisitiri ushagawe ku kibuga cy’indege azamurasa, ikinyamakuru «IGIHE», kiri hafi y’ubu butegetsi, cyahise mo kunyonga aya magambo akomeye, aho kwandika ko Kagame azarasa abaminisitiri bahiga ibyubahiro, gihitamo kwiyandikira ko azabirukana.
“Ubwo mureba mbasubiriramo ibi, nirinze kuvuga amazina, nirinze kubaha ingero ngo mvuge kanaka, nature amazina […] hari n’abari hano nabwiye ubwanjye, mfata telefoni nkamubwira ngo nzongera kubona wemera ko bagukorera biriya, umunsi nzongera kubibona bizajya kuba nakwirukanye.”, Ikinyamakuru IGIHE. Ndlr: aha Kagame yivugiye ko azabafayaringa (to fire: kotsa umuriro, kurasa).
Uku kugoreka inkuru, ubizi wanabigambiriye, si ukubura ubunyamwuga ku munyamakuru, ahubwo ni uko uyu munyamakuru, n’ubwo ari mu kwaha kw’ubutegetsi, na we agomba kwinyonga (autocensure) kuko azi neza ko perezida wavuze ayo magambo atari akwiye kuyavuga nk’umukuru w’igihugu.
Ibi bivuze ko nta mukuru w’igihugu ushobora kuvuga ku karubanda ko azarasa umuminisitiri yishyiriyeho, uretse umukuru w’igihugu w’umusazi.
Aba banyamakuru binyonga na bo, bikaba byerekana neza ko bakorera muri «systeme» ishaje, na bo batazi icyerecyezo cya yo, uretse guhitamo kuyigengeseraho, gusa.
Ubutegetsi nk’ubu buvaho bute?
Iyo ubutegetsi butifitiye icyizere, haba mu buyobozi no ku mukuru w’igihugu, ni ikimenyetso cy’uko buba bunaniwe. Iyo bugeze kuri iyo ntera, ni uko igihe cyo kubwirukana kiba cyageze, cyangwa cyararengeje igihe. Iyo bigeze aho, ababukuraho baba barabuze cyangwa baratinye kwigaragaza, kugirango uburi ku isonga atabamara. Nyamara iyo aba batinyutse, bakavugira ahagaragara, baboneka mo ibitambo, abandi bagakomeza.
Ngicyo icyo tubuze kugira ngo twigobotore ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, ubutegetsi bwamaze abantu bwica, bufunga, abandi bukabakenesha, kugeza ubwo banarwara amavunja.
Icyo abanyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubu butegetsi babuze muri iki gihe, ni ukwerekana ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR ntaho butandukaniye cyane n’ubw’abanazi cyangwa ubwa cyami bwihinduye mo repubulika.
Nkuko cyami yagiye nk’ifuni iheze, abanyapolitiki barahamagarirwa kwereka rubanda ko n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR buzibagirana burundu nk’uko iyo cyami yibagiranye mu gihugu, n’uko ubutegetsi bw’interahamwe bwibagiranye burundu, izo nterahamwe zibonaga mo ishema, ubu zikaba zigenda zububa isi yose.
Igihe ni iki ko abakihambiriye mu butegetsi bwa FPR n’ishyaka ryayo, bakwiye kumenya no kwiga amateka y’ubuyobozi bubi bwabanjirije ingoma ya FPR, bityo bakikubita agashyi, aho kuba nka cya kirondwe cyumiye ku ruhu inka yarariwe cyera.
Tega amatwi agasuzuguro gakubiye muri disikuru ya Kagame mu mwiherero ngarukamwaka wa 15, umwiherero wahuje abayobozi b’igihugu i Gabiro:
