Ni ubwa mbere mu mateka ya Repubulika ya V mu Bufaransa, umuperezida afashe icyemezo cyo kutiyamamariza manda ya kabiri. Ibi byongeye no gushimangira ko, mu bihugu byateye imbere muri demokarasi, bemera koko, ko “ubutegetsi atari ubukonde”.
Icyemezo François Hollande yafashe kuri iyi tariki ya 1 Ukuboza 2016, ni ikintu gishya kandi gitanze isomo ritazibagirana. Yari yarasezeranye ko natagera ku byo yatangaje yiyamamaza, atazasaba indi manda. Mu byamugoye harimo kugabanya umubare w’abashomeri…
Mu w’1958, perezida Charles de Gaulle (perezida wa mbere muri Repubulika ya gatanu), yatowe n’abahagarariye abandi basaga 80.000. Mu w’1965 atorwa binyuze mu baturage bageze mu myaka yo gutora, cyakora ntiyasoza manda ye ya kabiri kuko yeguye mu w’1969. Yasimbuwe na Georges Pompidou utararangije manda ye kuko yitabye Imana mu w’1974.
Muri uwo mwaka yasimbuwe na Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. Mu w’1981, Giscard d’Estaing yashatse manda ya kabiri, ariko atsindwa mu matora, asimburwa na François Mitterrand, wabigezeho nyuma y’uko yari yaratsinzwe mbere inshuro ebyiri mu gice cya nyuma cy’amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu.
François Mitterrand wabaye perezida wa mbere mu bo bita “abasosiyalisiti”, yaje kwiyamamaza bwa kabiri ndetse atsinda mu w’1988. Cyakora, bitewe n’uburwayi, yirinze kongera kwiyamamaza n’ubwo muri iyo myaka Itegekonshinga ryari rikibyemera. Ingingo yo kutarenza manda ebyiri yashyizweho mu w’2008.
Mu w’1995, hatowe Jacques Chirac. Ageze ku butegetsi, yemeye ko manda zizakurikira, zizajya zimara imyaka itanu gusa. Yaje gutorerwa manda ya kabiri y’imyaka itanu mu w’2002, ariko, yirinda kwiyamamaza bwa gatatu n’ubwo byari bikemewe. Mu w’2007, hatowe Nicolas Sarkozy, washatse no kwiyamamariza manda ya kabiri mu w’2012, ariko aratsindwa kuko hatowe François Hollande.
Uyu mugabo uyobora Ubufaransa muri iki gihe, ni we ufashe icyemezo bwa mbere cyo kutiyamamaza bwa kabiri, akaba abitangaje atararangiza manda ye y’imyaka itanu. Impamvu nta yindi: yubahirije amasezerano yagiranye n’abenegihugu. Yari yarabasezeranyije ko naramuka atageze ku ntego bamutoreye, ataziyamamaza bwa kabiri. Nubwo hari abamugayira ko ibyo yavugaga yiyamamaza atabashije kubishyira mu bikorwa byose, ariko yirinze guhanyanyaza, yirinda n’ikinyoma kiranga bamwe muri politiki. Atanze urugero, amateka azabimwibukiraho.
Jean-Claude Mulindahabi
