University of Sydney: Queen Mary Building
https://goo.gl/images/eItPKL
01/02/2017 Yanditswe na Emmanuel Senga
2017 Mu Rwanda amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika ni byenda gusetsa.
Mu bihugu by’Afurika ubukolonize bumaze gusimburwa n’ubwigenge, ibihugu byinjiye mu butegetsi bwa demokarasi, aho abayobozi bari bakwiye gutorwa n’abaturage, kuko ubutegetsi butangwa n’abaturage. Mu bihugu byinshi by’Afurika si ko byagenze, ariko mu Rwanda ho bifite n’akarusho, kuko bisa n’ibicuritse. Ubutegetsi bufitwe n’abasirikari n’ishyaka rimwe; abaturage bakaburamya, na bwo bukabategeka gukina umukino wo gutora, maze bukaririmba ko buri muri demokarasi. Icyakora birashoboka ko haba hariho demokarasi ihagaze yemye, kimwe n’uko habaho demokarasi icuramye nk’iyi dusanga mu Rwanda.
Imyaka ishize ari 55 u Rwanda ruhawe ubwigenge, ariko nanone imyaka isaga 50 irashize umunyarwanda atarigera atora uko abyumva n’uko abishaka.
Demokarasi n’amatora mu Rwanda ni amakinamico.
Duhereye hafi ku ngoma ya Repubulika ya 2, ingoma na yo yari iyobowe n’umusirikari wakuyemo imyenda, tugana kuri Repubulika y’ Inkotanyi iyobowe n’umusirikari ucyambaye imyenda ya gisirikari, urebye uko ayobora abasiviri n’abasirikari, nta na rimwe umunyarwanda yigeze yiherera ngo atore uko ashaka. Ku ngoma ya Repubulika ya 2 ntibyashobokaga kuko abanyarwanda bari mu ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND, ku ngoma ya FPR na ho ntibishoboka, kuko amashyaka y’impinduramatwara yaciwe cyangwa akangirwa kwandikwa, hakaba hasigaye FPR n’ayo ihetse mu mugongo. Nyamara buri gihe iyo amatora arangiye batangaza ibyayavuyemo, bakabyina intsinzi, bakanywa bakaririmba ngo berekanye ko igihugu kiri muri demukarasi. Iyi ni byenda gusetsa. Washobora kuvuga ute ko amatora ari aya kidemokarasi warahinduye Itegeko Nshinga; nta wemerewe kwiyamamaza uretse uwo ugennye; abatora bashukamirijwe n’abasirikari n’aba DMI ngo barebe ko batatoye undi batabwiwe; Komisiyo y’Amatora igenwa na Leta…?
Amashyaka azajya mu matora hari icyo yahindura?
Bamwe mu banyamashyaka akorera hanze bahamya ko atari byiza gusiba igikorwa nka kiriya, abandi ariko bakemeza ko ari ugutiza umurindi FPR yibye ku mugaragaro demokarasi y’abaturage ihindura Itegeko Nshinga. Muri aba twavuga nk’abayobozi b’Ihuriro Nyarwanda-RNC- aho umuhuzabikorwa mukuru, Bwana Nayigiziki Jerome atanga ingingo eshatu zigaragaza ko nta mpamvu yo kwitabira aya matora, kubera ko: yagenewe umuntu umwe ari we Paul Kagame; amahanga yarayamaganye, ndetse ntateze kuzana impinduramatwara kubera ko azatsindwa n’uwari asanzwe ategeka.
Umuhuzabikorwa wa 2 w’iryo huriro, Bwana Condo Gervais, na we asanga ayo matora agiye kuba mu gihe habaye amahano, bagashimuta demokarasi bakayambura abaturage mu gihe cyo guhinduza Itegeko Nshinga, habaye ubufatanyacyaha muri icyo gikorwa hagati ya Perezida n’inzego zose zimufasha, mu gihe bose bari bararahiriye kurinda iryo Tegeko Nshinga n’andi mategeko, kandi izo nzego zakoze ayo mabi ziracyahari, ikindi zose zikorera Kagame. Ubwo rero zizakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zimuhe intsinzi. Uyu muyobozi arangiza avuga ko kujya muri ayo matora ari uguta igihe. https://youtu.be/m2u5gs0FbZs
Amakinamico kandi arakomeje iyo ureba uyu mukandida witwa Philippe Mpayimana ibyo atangaza.
Ni ibihe byangombwa bigaragaza amatora yo ku rwego mpuzamahanga?
Tumaze gusuzuma ibivugwa ku matora ya Perezida wa Repubulika mu Rwanda muri 2017, twatereye akajisho ku bikenewe biteganywa kugira ngo amatora yitwe ko yakozwe hishingikirijwe ibyangombwa byo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Duhereye ku byasohotse mu kinyamakuru “The Independent” North Carolina is no longer a democracy, report says” http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/op-edarticle122593759.htm.,
umuntu agenekereje yasemura avuga ko Leta ya Karolina y’amajyaruguru ntikirangwamo demokarasi ibi bikaba bijyana n’ibyavuye mu matora ya Guverineri aheruka muri iyi manda, aho uwari ucyuye igihe w’umuRepubulikani, Bwana Mc Crory, yatsinzwe n’umuDemokarate, Bwana Roy Cooper, ariko akaba yari amaze iminsi yarabujijwe gukora kubera ko Mc Crory yari yaranze kurekura, yitwaza ko amajwi ye atabaruwe neza, twaje gushimishwa n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku matora muri rusange, no mu byavuye mu Ntara ya North Carolina by’umwihariko, kubera ko imyanzuro yagiye igerwaho yose ishimangira ibyo tuvuga ku matora afifitse agiye kuba mu Rwanda, ndetse n’imiti itangwa ngo habe hagira igikosorwa na yo isa nk’iyakora mu Rwanda.
Abashakashatsi bayobowe na Professeur Pippa Norris n’ikipe ye bafite icyicaro muri Iniverisite ya Sydney (University of Sydney) no mu kindi kigo cya Kaminuza ya Harvard’ s Kennedy School of Government, bakoze ubushakashatsi bashyize hamwe mu cyo bise Electoral Integrity Project (EIP), bwibanze ku kigereranyo cy’amatora yakozwe ku isi guhera mu mwaka wa 2012. Basanze iyi Leta ya North Carolina yaragize amanota 58% ukurikije ibyavuye mu matora. bitari kure y’ibyabonetse mu bihugu nka Cuba na Venezuela, musanzwe muzi nk’ibihugu bitagira demokarasi.
Icyo aba bashakashatsi bibandaho iyo bagereranya ibihugu ni ibintu bitatu (3):
1. Ni ryari amatora akorwa ku gipimo cyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga?
2. Bigenda bite iyo atageze kuri uru rwego?
3. Ni iki cyakorwa ngo hakosorwe ibyakosamye?
Aba bashakashatsi nanone ntibarekeye aho, bakomereje ubushakashatsi bwabo ku mugabane w’Afurika, mu bihugu byagize amatora mu mwaka wa 2015 birimo: Zambiya, Nijeriya, Togo, Benin, Burundi, Burkina Faso, aho basanze hose muri ibi bihugu amatora yaho atita ku burenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, bityo agakurikirwa n’impagarara mu gihugu, kuko aba afifitse maze abaturage ntibishimire n’abayobozi bayavuyemo.
Ikindi cyagaragaye ni uko imbaraga nyinshi zishyirwa ku munsi w’itora n’ibarura, maze bakibagirwa gutegura no kugenzura imyiteguro y’ayo matora. Basanze muri Afurika ari ho hagaragara amahane menshi n’ubugizi bwa nabi mu gihe cy’amatora kurusha ahandi ku isi. Icya nyuma babonye ni uko amatora muri Afurika arangwa n’uburiganya, n’ubusembwa bw’ubwoko bwose bukunze kwigaragaza mu buryo bagena ingengo y’imari y’amatora, uko abakandida batoranywa n’uko abaturage bagira ubwisanzure mu matora nyirizina.
Basanga hari ibintu bigomba gukurikizwa kugira ngo nibura amatora muri Afurika apfe kuzamura intera.
Mbere na mbere ariko hari ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho, birebana no kwandika abagomba gutora n’amategeko bikurikiza; abahagarariye amatora, uko amatora ashorwamo uburiganya, iterabwoba mu matora, gukoresha itangazamakuru n’ibikoresho bya Leta mu matora, kwitondera umunsi w’itora, ibarura ry’amajwi no kuyiba.
Batanze inama uko amatora yayoborwa n’abayobozi bizewe kandi babihugukiwemo, hagakurikizwa ibigenwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kuko amatora meza agomba kwigiramo ibi bikurikira:
ubwigenge (independence)
ukutabogama (impartiality)
ubunyangamugayo (integrity)
guca mu mucyo (transparency)
gukorwa kinyamwuga (professionalism)
gukoranwa ubushishozi n’ubushobozi (service-mindedness)
Mu Rwanda amatora yaho yujuje iki?
Mu Rwanda imbaraga zose zishyirwa ku munsi w’amatora n’ibarura, abagenzura amatora nta bushobozi babifitiye kandi si nta makemwa, amajwi aribwa ku mugaragaro, abasirikari n’abapolisi bashinzwe gupyinagaza uwo ari we wese ushatse kunyuranya n’amabwiriza ya Leta, urwego rw’amatora ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwa demokarasi ruri hasi ya 10%.
Kwitabira amatora nk’aya ni uguta igihe haba ku baturage, haba no ku mashyaka. Nibayaharire FPR, ahasigaye amashyaka akomeze yigishe abaturage abavanamo ibitongero n’ubwoba bya FPR, maze igihe nikigera mu Rwanda hashobore kuzaba amatora ku rwego rwisumbuye, aya 2017 ni ikinamico, ni byenda gusetsa.
