12/12/2025, Yanditswe na Amiel Nkuliza
Ayo ni amagambo y’uwahoze ari perezida wa Kongo, Mobutu Sese Seko, ubwo intambara y’inkotanyi yari imwugarije, mu myaka ya za 96-97. Iyo ntambara yaje no kumuvira mo guhunga igihugu cye, ndetse agwa mu buhungiro iyo muri Maroko, ari na ho ashyinguye uyu munsi. Ibyo, bisobanuye iki?
Ubwo, ku wa 06 mata 1994, inkotanyi zicaga perezida Habyarimana na mugenzi we w’Uburundi, Sipriyano Ntaryamira, misiyo zari zahawe na ba mpatsibihugu ntiyarangiriye aho. Zategetswe gukomereza intambara muri Kongo, kugira ngo zirandure burundu inyoko “bantou”, yari imaze igihe iganje, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Ibyo byarashobotse, kuko inkotanyi zimaze kwirukana Mobutu, zashyizeho Laurent Désiré Kabila nk’agakingirizo, nyamara ubutegetsi bwose bwa Kongo bwari bufitwe n’u Rwanda, kuko uwayoboraga ingabo zari zimaze kwirukana Mobutu, ari we James Kabarebe, yahise agirwa umukuru w’ingabo za Kongo (chef d’Etat-major).
Laurent Désiré Kabila, utarashoboye kumvikana n’inkotanyi zari zimaze kumuha ubutegetsi, yazihaye ibyo zasabaga byose, zirataha, nyamara ntizanyurwa kuko zashakaga gukaba byose: ni ukuvuga umutungo kamere wose wa Kongo, ushingiye cyane ku mabuye y’agaciro.
Kugirango zigere kuri ibyo byose, mu mwaka w’2000, zahise zica Laurent-Désiré Kabila, zishyiraho umuhungu we – Joseph Kabila, uyu kubera gutinya ko na we zamwica, aziha uburenganzira bwose bwo kuyogoza Kongo, amaze gukura mo aye, n’ake karenge, birangira bityo.
Ubwo Joseph Kabila yavaga ku butegetsi, himitswe Félix-Antoine Kisekedi. Uyu na we, wari usanzwe azi neza ko ubutegetsi bwa Kongo buyoborwa n’u Rwanda, yahise ajya gucinya inkoro i Kigali, kugirango arebe ko Kagame yazamuha agahenge.
Aba bagabo bombi, baje kumvikana ko, kugira ngo Kagame atazongera gutera Kongo, mu Rwanda hazafungurwa uruganda ruzajya rutunganya, rukanagurisha amabuye y’agaciro, avuye muri Kongo.
Ibyo byarakozwe, ariko Paul Kagame yaje gusanga utwo turapfarapfa tudahagije, ba mpatsibihugu basanzwe bamukoresha, bamwongera izindi ntwaro, na n’ubu akaba ari zo agikoresha mu gutsembatsemba abaturage b’inzirakane ba Kongo.
Izo ntwaro, ziherutse gufata umugi wa Goma mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya, ministiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga wa Kongo, madame Thérèse Kayikwamba, yatangarije isi yose ko, izo ntwaro zifite ubushobozi buruta kure ubw’intwaro ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Monusco), zibitseho, aho zikambitse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo.
Nyuma yo gufata Goma, harakurikiraho iki?
Iki ni ikibazo, buri munyekongo cyangwa undi wese uvuka muri kariya karere k’ibiyaga bigari, yakwibaza. Ubwo intambara y’ingabo za ba mpatsibihugu yari irimbanije, perezida wa Kongo, Felix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, yatangarije amahanga ko niziramuka zirashe i Goma (moindre escarmouche), na we azahita arasa i Kigali, mu ndiri yazo. Intwaro, zirimo n’indege, byari kurasa i Kigali, byarerekanywe, nyamara byabaye ya nduru y’abanyekongo, igarukira aho yavugirijwe.
Ubwoba bwa Kisekedi bwo kurasa i Kigali, ntawashidikanya ko bwatewe na wa mugani – ugana akariho – wa Mobutu, ugira uti: “Nubona imbwa iri mu giti, ntukayiteho; ujye wibaza uwayimanitse mu bushorishori bw’icyo giti, kuko imbwa ubwayo ntiyurira igiti”!
Abanyabubasha b’iyi si, nta gushidikanya ko bahaye gasopo Kisekedi, gasopo yo kutazarasa ku Rwanda, kuko iyo atinyuka kubikora, na we yari kuhasiga agatwe. Ibimenyetso ntibibuze: ubwo Inteko rusange y’Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi yateranaga, yiga ku bibazo by’umutekano muke uri muri Kongo, aka kanama kamaganye intambara yashojwe n’inyeshyamba zifashwa n’u Rwanda, nyamara ntikafatira ibihano Leta ya Kagame, yazambitse intwaro zo kumara abantu muri Kongo.
Ibihugu nka Suwedi, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Ububiligi, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, n’ibindi, byatangaje ko bizahagarika inkunga yabyo ku Rwanda, nyamara birasa n’aho ari mu magambo gusa, kubera ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko bitagishyigikiye u Rwanda, n’ibikorwa byarwo bya kirimbuzi.
Umugi wa Goma, utuwe n’abarenga miliyoni ebyiri, wafashwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, zikomereza mu mugi wa Bukavu, uyu na wo ukaba uri hafi kugwa mu maboko y’izo ngabo, zamanitswe “mu giti” n’ibihugu bikomakomeye, bigize umuryango mpuzamahanga.
Nari ndimo kwibaza ngo, nyuma y’ifatwa rya Goma, harakurikiraho iki? Hari benshi barimo gukeka ko Kisekedi hari icyo yenda gukora, kugirango ingabo ze, zigaruze umugi wa Goma. Sinkeka ko icyo gukora, gihari, kuko ingabo za Kongo na zo, zizi neza ko intwaro zafashe Goma zihambaye, ko n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda bazirashishaga, batojwe kurasa mu kico.
Bamwe mu nkotanyi, bahungiye muri aya mahanga dutuye mo, bemeza ko ingabo za Kongo, n’iyo zatozwa kajana, zidafite amaraso yo kurwana no kurengera ubusugire bw’igihugu cyazo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ngo iyo bashaka gufata Kongo, baba barayigaruriye cyera, nuko ngo bari bagitegereje gutagatifuzwa na ba Mpatsibihugu.
Imishyikirano, ko umenya izakubita igihwereye?
Mbere y’uko Goma ifatwa, inkotanyi zabeshyaga ko zishaka kugirana imishyikirano na Kisekedi, kugirango zibone uko zihagarika imirwano. Iyo mishyikirano Kisekedi ntiyayikozwaga, kuko yavugaga ko umutwe wa M23 wayisabaga, utabaho. Uwo mutwe w’inyeshyamba, Kisekedi yawitaga “coquille vide” (icyungo kirimo ubusa), ko, ibiri amambu, ngo yapfa guhura na Kagame, akamwumvisha ko ari umwicanyi ruharwa (un criminel de renom).
Benshi mu bateze amatwi iyo mvugo ya Kisekedi, bibajije icyo mu by’ukuri yashakaga kuvuga, cyane ko mu byo yavuze nta jambo “imishyikirano” ryarimo, cyane ko na none, Kisekedi yari asanzwe azi neza ko Paul Kagame ari umwicanyi ruharwa.
Iyo mishyikirano Kisekedi yaciraga inyeri, bigaragara ko noneho ayikeneye, ariko umenya atazanayibona, kuko akenshi umuntu urimo gutsinda intambara, ntiyemera imishyikirano.
Ibyo ari byo byose, bigaragara ko Kagame azemera guhura na Kisekedi, akamufata nk’ikigoryi, nk’uko, ku wa 16 mutarama uyu mwaka, yakimwise, imbere y’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda, buri bucye amushozaho intambara.
Inama ibanziriza iyo mishyikirano isabwa n’uruhande rw’u Rwanda, yabereye i Dar es-Salaam, muri Tanzaniya, ku wa 08 gashyantare uyu mwaka, nyamara Kisekedi ntiyayibonetse mo. Bivugwa ko yatinye kurebana mu maso na Kagame, urimo kumurasaho, cyangwa washoboraga kumuhanura mu ndege, nk’uko byagendekeye perezida Habyarimana, ubwo na we yatumirwaga mu nama y’ikubagahu nk’iyi, n’ubundi yari yabereye i Dar es-Salaam, ku wa 06 mata 1994.
Imishyikirano hagati ya Kisekedi na Kagame, ni byo irakenewe, kandi izanabaho, kugira ngo Kisekedi ategekwe kwemera ko Kagame agomba gufata uduce twose twa Kongo yifuza, nibiba na ngombwa amwirukane ku butegetsi, mbere y’uko ashyiraho undi muyobozi ashaka, nk’uko yabigenje, mu gihe cya “Kabila fils” na “Kabila père”.
Imishyikirano ni ngombwa ko ibaho, kuko wenda yatanga agahenge ku banye Kongo barimo kwicwa; iyo mishyikirano irakenewe na none, kuko ni bwo buryo bwonyine Kisekedi ashigaje bwo gupfa no gukira, cyane ko n’abari bahagarariye ibihugu bya SADC na EAC, mu nama y’i Dar es-Salaam, bemeje ko impande zombi zirwana, zigomba kwemera kugirana imishyikirano, kugirango imirwano ihagarare.
Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba iyo mirwano koko izahagarara, cyane ko inyeshyamba za Kagame, zishaka gucana umuriro ku ngabo za Kongo, mpaka azigejeje i Kinshasa.
N’iyo Kisekedi yakwemera imishyikirano, sinkeka ko imirwano yahagarara burundu, kubera ko Uganda n’u Rwanda, byahawe ikiraka cyo kurwana iyo ntambara. Ibi bihugu byombi biramutse bitsinzwe iyi ntambara, abayobozi babyo bashyikirizwa inkiko, kubera ibyaha by’intambara byayikorewe mo, cyangwa bakicwa kugira ngo batazamena amabanga, babikijwe na ba mpatsibihugu.
Iyi mpatsibihugu, igizwe n’abanyamerika, abongereza, na bimwe mu bindi bihugu bigize ubumwe bw’i Burayi, ntishobora guhagarika iyi ntambara, kuko yaba itakaje ubukungu bw’amabuye y’agaciro, yacukurwaga mu bice byinshi, byo muri Repubulika Iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo.
Ku ruhande rw’Ubuganda n’u Rwanda, ibi bihugu byombi na byo ntibishobora guhagarika iyi ntambara kubera ko, uretse gukingirwa ikibaba n’iyi mpatsibihugu, bifite n’izindi nyungu muri kariya karere ka Kivu zombi, kubera ko byari biteganijwe ko hazubakwa ubwami bw’abatutsi (empire hamite), Kagame na Museveni baturuka mo. Iyi ntambara iramutse ihagaze burundu, birumvikana ko ubwo bwami bwaba butacyubatswe.
Ubu bwami bw’abahima, mu by’ukuri nta n’icyo bwari butwaye, cyane ko kariya karere ka Kivu zombi, kari akarere kadatuwe, nyamara kera cyane. Igiteye impungenge kikaba ari uko wenda ako karere kagirwa ibikingi by’abahima n’inka zabo, aho gutuzwa mo abandi Banyarwanda, bari barabuze aho bahinga, kugira ngo batunge imiryango yabo.
Akaduruvayo gahora muri Kongo, kazarangira gate, ryari?
Kugirango ibi bibazo by’umutekano muke urangwa muri Kongo birangire burundu, ni uko ibihugu byo muri aka karere, birebwa n’iyi ntambara, byose byakwishyira hamwe, bikarwana umuhenerezo.
Ibyo bihugu ni Tanzaniya ndetse n’Uburundi; ingabo z’u Rwanda, nyuma yo gufata Goma, ziramutse zifashe na Bukavu, zahita zifata n’Uburundi, zitaretse na Tanzaniya, dore ko ibyo bihugu byombi, bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda.
Uburundi bwo, bwamaze kumenya icyo ingabo z’u Rwanda zigamije, kuko umubare munini w’ingabo z’Uburundi, ubu ukabakaba abarenga ibihumbi makumyabiri, barimo kurwana ku ruhande rwa Kongo.
Ikibazo ni ukumenya ngo izo ngabo z’Uburundi zirwana zite, zirwanisha izihe ntwaro, izo ntwaro zifite ubushobozi bungana iki bwo guhangana n’intwaro z’ingabo z’u Rwanda, bivugwa ko ngo zirusha ubushobozi ubw’ingabo z’Umuryango w’abibumbye (Monusco)?
Tanzaniya se yo yarwana iyo ntambara ite, kandi ingabo zayo, zari zibumbiye muri SADC, bivugwa ko ingabo za Kagame zazicanyeho umuriro? Afrika y’Epfo se yo, bivugwa ko iri muri bimwe mu bihugu bya Afrika bicura intwaro zikomeye, yabikoraho iki, kandi na yo ifite igitutu cy’amahanga, cyo kutarwana iyi ntambara, irimo kuyogoza akarere k’ibiyaga bigari?
Ubwo abasirikari ba Afrika y’Epfo, bagera kuri cumi na bane, mu cyumweru gishize, bagwaga mu mirwano yo muri Kongo, perezida wa Afrika y’Epfo, ubwo yari atangiye kwivugisha ko abo basirikari barashwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, Kagame yahise azura umugara, ibyari uguterana amagambo, bimera nka ya mbwa irya umuntu, ikazunguza umurizo, ikigendera!
Iyi ntambara, ishobora kuzagaragara mo imbwa n’umugabo, ni intambara izamara igihe kinini cyangwa gito, bitewe n’abayirwana, ndetse n’abayishyigikiye.
Igihugu nka Angola, na cyo cyarwanye intambara nk’iyi, ndetse kiyimara mo imyaka irenga 26, kuko yatangiye kuva mu mwaka w’1975, irangira mu mwaka wa 2001. Kugira ngo Angola itsinde iyo ntambara, yashyize mu gisirikari ingabo nyinshi, iziha imyitozo ihagije, none uyu munsi Angola ni igihugu kihagazeho, kitemera ko ba mpatsibihugu, bagitobatoba uko bashatse.
Igihugu cya Kongo na cyo, kikaba gisabwa gushyiraho akacyo, n’ubwo wenda kitorohewe, dore ko inkotanyi zarwanye n’ingabo zacyo, zikomeje kwemeza ko intege nke z’igisirikari cya Kongo, zidashobora guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye, ibibazo by’intambara, igihugu kirimo muri iki gihe.
Niba rero twemeranyijwe ko iyi ntambara, irebwa n’ibihugu byose byo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, ibi bihugu byaba bifite ubushake bungana iki bwo kuyirwana? Niba se ubwo bushake buhari, ibyo bihugu bizarwana iyo ntambara buryo ki, bizayirangiza bikoresheje ayahe mayeri?
Byaba se bizemera gukomeza kuba ingaruzwamuheto za ba mpatsibihugu, cyangwa bizarwana umuhenerezo, kugeza kuri ”cartouche” (isasu) rya nyuma?
Igisubizo cy’ibi bibazo byose, kirenda gusa na cya kindi perezida Mobutu yatanze, ubwo yagiraga, ati: “Nubona imbwa iri mu giti, ntukayiteho; ujye wibaza uwayimanitse mu bushorishori bw’icyo giti, kuko imbwa ubwayo ntiyurira igiti”!
